What drives the air out of the lungs during quiet expiration?
Contraction of smooth muscles in airways
Surface tension and the elastic recoil of lung tissues
Contraction of the diaphragm
Contraction of the external intercostal muscles
The Correct Answer is B
A. Contraction of smooth muscles in airways -Smooth muscle constriction occurs in forced breathing or pathology, not quiet expiration.
B. Surface tension and the elastic recoil of lung tissues -Quiet expiration is passive, driven by elastic recoil and alveolar surface tension.
C. Contraction of the diaphragm -The diaphragm relaxes during expiration.
D. Contraction of the external intercostal muscles -These contract during inspiration, not expiration.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Ciliated columnar epithelium -Found in bronchi and larger airways.
B. Simple squamous epithelium -Type I alveolar cells form thin walls for efficient gas diffusion.
C. Stratified squamous epithelium -Stratified squamous is protective, found in mouth, esophagus.
D. Areolar connective tissue -Alveoli are not composed of connective tissue; they are lined by squamous epithelium.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The presence of antibodies triggers the production of antigens: antibodies are produced in response to antigens, not the other way around.
B. Antibodies can be foreign cells, proteins, or other large molecules. Antigens are large proteins made by B cells: this reverses definitions: antigens are foreign molecules/cells that stimulate immune response; antibodies are proteins produced (by B cells) that bind antigens.
C. Antigens function to destroy or neutralize antibodies: antigens elicit antibody production; they do not act to destroy antibodies.
D. The presence of an antigen triggers the production of antibodies: antigens (foreign proteins, polysaccharides, cells) stimulate B cells to differentiate into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies.
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