What is a risk factor common to development of both mital and aortic stenosis?

Rheumatic fever

Endocarditis

Marfan’s syndrome

Female gender

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rheumatic fever: This inflammatory condition can affect various parts of the heart, including the mitral and aortic valves. Repeated episodes of rheumatic fever can lead to scarring and thickening of the heart valves, eventually causing stenosis (narrowing) of the mitral or aortic valve.

b. Endocarditis: This infection of the heart lining or valves can damage the structures, but it's not as directly linked to both mitral and aortic stenosis as rheumatic fever.

c. Marfan’s syndrome:Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that can affect connective tissue throughout the body, including the heart valves. It is commonly associated with aortic root dilatation and aortic regurgitation rather than aortic stenosis. While aortic valve involvement can occur in Marfan syndrome, it is not typically associated with mitral stenosis.

d. Female gender: While gender differences exist in the prevalence of certain cardiovascular conditions, such as rheumatic heart disease affecting more females than males, gender alone is not a significant risk factor for the development of either mitral or aortic stenosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

a. Relieve anxiety: Hydralazine is not indicated for the relief of anxiety. It is primarily used as an antihypertensive medication to lower blood pressure.

b. Lower blood pressure: Hydralazine is a vasodilator medication that works by relaxing and widening blood vessels, resulting in lower blood pressure. This is the therapeutic effect of hydralazine, particularly in the context of acute heart failure where reducing afterload can help improve cardiac output.

c. Anticoagulation: Hydralazine does not possess anticoagulant properties. It primarily affects blood pressure by dilating blood vessels, but it does not have direct anticoagulant effects.

d. Control arrhythmia: Hydralazine is not typically used to control arrhythmias. Its primary role is in lowering blood pressure through vasodilation.

A. Decreasing level of consciousness B. Bradycardia C. Fever D. ABG: Ph 7.31 (7.35-7.45), PaCO2 42 mmHg (35-45mmHg), HCO3 19 mEq/L (22-26 mEq/L)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Decreasing level of consciousness: This assessment finding is consistent with respiratory acidosis, especially if it is severe. In respiratory acidosis, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood increase, leading to respiratory depression and potential alterations in consciousness due to hypercapnia. Therefore, a decreasing level of consciousness is a possible finding in a client with respiratory acidosis.

b. Bradycardia: Bradycardia is not typically associated with respiratory acidosis. In fact, it is more commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis, where hyperventilation can lead to decreased CO2 levels and subsequent compensatory metabolic alkalosis.

c. Fever: Fever is not a direct consequence of respiratory acidosis. It may occur in response to an underlying infection or inflammation, which could exacerbate respiratory symptoms in a client with COPD. However, it is not a specific finding associated with respiratory acidosis itself.

d. ABG: pH 7.31, PaCO2 42 mmHg, HCO3 19 mEq/L: This ABG result confirms respiratory acidosis. The pH is below the normal range (acidosis), the PaCO2 is elevated (indicating respiratory acidosis), and the HCO3 is decreased (indicating compensation through renal mechanisms). This ABG finding supports the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis in a client with COPD.

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What is a risk factor common to development of both mital and aortic stenosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is reviewing data of a client in acute heart failure who is receiving hydralazine IV push. Which is the therapeutic effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is admitting a client with COPD and respiratory acidosis. Which assessment finding would the nurse anticipate for this client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a client who had valve replacement surgery yesterday. It would be a priority for the nurse to report which assessment finding to the healthcare provider?

The nurse is caring for a client who has developed metabolic alkalosis. Which intervention would be a priority for the nurse to implement?

A client recently had aortic valve regurgitation treated with placement of a mechanical valve. Which laboratory test would be ordered for management of this type of prosthetic valve?

The nurse is assessing a client with suspected metabolic acidosis. Which finding would be consistent with this diagnosis?

A client presents to the Emergency department with a 4-day history of anorexia, abdominal pain and vomiting. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn with these results pH 7.47(7.35-7.45), PaCO2 35mmHg (35-45mmHg), HCO3 31 mEq/L (22-26 mEq/L). How should the nurse interpret these results?

Which intervention would the nurse include in the plan of care for a client with COPD and respiratory acidosis?

The nurse is caring for a client after percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCR) via left groin site. Which assessments would the nurse obtain after the procedure? Select all that apply.

A client with heart failure reports dyspnea and anxiety. Upon examination the client is tachycardic and has crackles throughout bilateral lung fields. Which actions will the nurse take now? Select all that apply.