What is a risk factor common to development of both mital and aortic stenosis?

Rheumatic fever

Endocarditis

Marfan’s syndrome

Female gender

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rheumatic fever: This inflammatory condition can affect various parts of the heart, including the mitral and aortic valves. Repeated episodes of rheumatic fever can lead to scarring and thickening of the heart valves, eventually causing stenosis (narrowing) of the mitral or aortic valve.

b. Endocarditis: This infection of the heart lining or valves can damage the structures, but it's not as directly linked to both mitral and aortic stenosis as rheumatic fever.

c. Marfan’s syndrome:Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that can affect connective tissue throughout the body, including the heart valves. It is commonly associated with aortic root dilatation and aortic regurgitation rather than aortic stenosis. While aortic valve involvement can occur in Marfan syndrome, it is not typically associated with mitral stenosis.

d. Female gender: While gender differences exist in the prevalence of certain cardiovascular conditions, such as rheumatic heart disease affecting more females than males, gender alone is not a significant risk factor for the development of either mitral or aortic stenosis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

a. Serum potassium 3.1 mEq/L (3.5-5.0 mEq/L): Furosemide (a loop diuretic) can cause potassium loss (hypokalemia). A potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L is below the normal range, and administering Furosemide could further decrease potassium levels. The nurse should question giving the medication and consider potassium supplementation.

b. Patient reports abdominal pain:Abdominal pain is not directly related to Furosemide administration. While it's essential to assess the cause of pain, it doesn't specifically impact the decision to administer Furosemide.

c. Patient does not have a foley catheter: The absence of a foley catheter is not a contraindication for Furosemide administration. It's unrelated to the medication's safety or effectiveness.

d. Blood pressure 132/70: The blood pressure reading falls within a normal range. Furosemide is commonly used to manage hypertension and fluid overload in heart failure patients. This blood pressure reading does not raise concerns about administering Furosemide.

A. pH 7.49 Pa, CO2 36mmHg, HCO3 31mEq/L B. pH 7.47 Pa, CO2 25mmHg, HCO3 26mEq/L C. pH 7.32 Pa, CO2 41mmHg, HCO3 22mEq/L D. pH 7.30 Pa, CO2 48mmHg, HCO3 26mEq/L

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Based on the expected changes in hyperventilation related to anxiety, option b (pH 7.47, PaCO2 25 mmHg, HCO3 26 mEq/L) is the most consistent with respiratory alkalosis, which occurs due to hyperventilation:

a. pH 7.49, PaCO2 36 mmHg, HCO3 31 mEq/L:

The pH is higher than the normal range, indicating alkalosis.
The PaCO2 is within the normal range (slightly elevated), which is unexpected in hyperventilation where PaCO2 is typically decreased.
The HCO3 is elevated, indicating metabolic alkalosis, which is not typically associated with hyperventilation related to anxiety.

b. pH 7.47, PaCO2 25 mmHg, HCO3 26 mEq/L:

The pH is higher than the normal range, indicating alkalosis.
The PaCO2 is below the normal range, indicating respiratory alkalosis, which is consistent with hyperventilation.
The HCO3 is within the normal range, which can occur as a compensatory mechanism for respiratory alkalosis.

c. pH 7.32, PaCO2 41 mmHg, HCO3 22 mEq/L:

The pH is lower than the normal range, indicating acidosis.
The PaCO2 is within the normal range, which is unexpected in hyperventilation where PaCO2 is typically decreased.
The HCO3 is within the normal range, indicating compensated metabolic acidosis, which is not typically associated with hyperventilation related to anxiety.

d. pH 7.30, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3 26 mEq/L:

The pH is lower than the normal range, indicating acidosis.
The PaCO2 is elevated, indicating respiratory acidosis, which is not typically associated with hyperventilation.
The HCO3 is within the normal range, which can occur as a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis.

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What is a risk factor common to development of both mital and aortic stenosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with heart failure is scheduled to receive 40 mg of Furosemide IV push. Which data would cause the nurse to question administering this medication?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client in the emergency department is being treated for hyperventilation related to anxiety. Which arterial blood gas result would the nurse anticipate for this client? Normal arterial blood gas values pH: 7.35-7.45, PaCO2: 35-45mmHg, HCO3: 22-26mEq/L.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client following placement of a mechanical aortic valve. Which information regarding warfarin(coumadin) therapy would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

A client is admitted to the hospital with an acid base imbalance. Arterial blood gas (ABG) results are: Ph 7.33 (7.35-7.45), PaCO2 49mmHg (35-45mmHg), HCO3 26mEq/L (22-26mEq/L). How should the nurse interpret these results?

A client with mitral stenosis has now developed atrial fibrillation. Which drug would the nurse anticipate being ordered to manage this new condition?

The nurse is assessing a client who is one hour post percutaneous valvuloplasty via a left groin site. Which intervention does the nurse consider the priority?

The nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a bowel resection. The client is NPO with a nasogastric tube connected to suction. Which acid base imbalance is this client at risk to develop?

The nurse is assessing a client with acute heart failure. Which finding would the nurse anticipate?

A client recently had aortic valve regurgitation treated with placement of a mechanical valve. Which laboratory test would be ordered for management of this type of prosthetic valve?

A client with a history of heart failure presents to the emergency department with elevated blood pressure, dyspnea and bilateral crackles throughout lung fields. Which intervention would the nurse implement first?