What is albuterol (Proventil) used to treat?
Acute allergies
Nasal congestion
Dyspnea on exertion
Acute bronchospasm
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Albuterol is not used to treat acute allergies. It is a bronchodilator that relaxes the smooth muscles of the airways and improves airflow. Antihistamines are the drugs of choice for acute allergies.
Choice B reason: Albuterol is not used to treat nasal congestion. It is a bronchodilator that acts on the lungs, not the nose. Decongestants are the drugs of choice for nasal congestion.
Choice C reason: Albuterol is not used to treat dyspnea on exertion. It is a bronchodilator that is used for acute or chronic respiratory conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dyspnea on exertion is a symptom of various cardiac or pulmonary disorders that require further evaluation and treatment.
Choice D reason: Albuterol is used to treat acute bronchospasm. It is a bronchodilator that quickly relieves the symptoms of bronchoconstriction, such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It is often prescribed as a rescue inhaler for patients with asthma or COPD.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not the definition of ejection fraction. The percentage of blood that leaves the heart in a minute is related to the cardiac output, which is the product of the heart rate and the stroke volume.
Choice B reason: This is the correct definition of ejection fraction. It is the ratio of the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle) to the end-diastolic volume (the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole). It is a measure of the efficiency of the heart and reflects the contractility of the cardiac muscle.
Choice C reason: This is not the definition of ejection fraction. The amount of blood that leaves the heart with each beat is the stroke volume, which is one of the factors that determine the ejection fraction.
Choice D reason: This is not the definition of ejection fraction. The amount of blood that leaves the heart in a minute is the cardiac output, which is influenced by the ejection fraction, but not equivalent to it.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is the correct mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol is a beta blocker medication, which means that it blocks the beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels. This reduces the sympathetic stimulation in cardiac muscle, which lowers the heart rate, contractility, and oxygen demand. This also reduces the renin release from the kidneys, which lowers the blood pressure.
Choice B reason: This is not the mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol does not increase the diuretic response in the renal tubules. This is the effect of diuretic medications, such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide, which increase the urine output and decrease the blood volume and pressure.
Choice C reason: This is not the mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol does not inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This is the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as lisinopril or enalapril, which block the formation of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that raises the blood pressure.
Choice D reason: This is not the mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol does not block alpha receptors throughout the body. This is the effect of alpha blockers, such as doxazosin or prazosin, which block the alpha receptors in the blood vessels and cause vasodilation, which lowers the blood pressure.
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