What is an example of primary prevention?

Choice A rationale

Noncompliance with medication at home, while a concern, does not necessarily warrant hospitalization on its own unless it leads to a clear and present danger to self or others. The standard of care often involves less restrictive interventions, such as outpatient care, medication management support, or case management, to address noncompliance before resorting to inpatient treatment.

Choice B rationale

Hospitalization for mental illness is generally reserved for clients who pose a clear and present danger to themselves or others. This is due to the principle of least restrictive environment, which mandates that individuals be treated in the least restrictive setting possible. When an individual's behavior escalates to the point of imminent harm, inpatient care is necessary to ensure safety.

Choice C rationale

Limited support systems in the community can increase the risk of relapse and poor outcomes, but it is not a primary criterion for psychiatric hospitalization. Community-based services, such as assertive community treatment (ACT) teams, case managers, or partial hospitalization programs, are typically employed to address inadequate support without the need for inpatient admission.

Choice D rationale

The development of new symptoms during the course of an illness, unless they signify an immediate risk of harm, is usually managed in an outpatient setting. A healthcare provider would likely adjust the treatment plan, such as changing medication or therapy, and monitor the client's response. Hospitalization is not the initial or default response for symptom fluctuation.

Choice A rationale

The initial phase of the nurse-patient relationship, known as the orientation phase, is where data collection and problem identification occur. During this phase, the nurse and client establish a rapport and define the purpose and goals of their interaction. This is a foundational step, distinct from termination, which focuses on the conclusion of the relationship. The termination phase involves summarizing and evaluating progress made.

Choice B rationale

The termination phase of the therapeutic relationship involves a systematic review of the entire nurse-patient interaction. This includes summarizing the progress made, identifying the client's new coping skills, and discussing the client's feelings about the end of the relationship. This process helps solidify the client's gains and prepares them for continued self-management after discharge, promoting independence.

Choice C rationale

Arranging for a transfer to a long-term care facility is a component of discharge planning, but it is not the primary focus of the termination phase itself. Discharge planning involves interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure a safe transition for the client. The termination phase is a distinct psychological and therapeutic process that concludes the one-on-one relationship between the nurse and the client.

Choice D rationale

Relationship parameters, such as the purpose, rules, and boundaries of the interaction, are established during the orientation phase. This phase sets the stage for a therapeutic alliance, differentiating it from a social relationship. The termination phase, in contrast, focuses on the conclusion of the established relationship and the planning for the client’s future beyond the nurse's care.