What is an example of primary prevention?

Choice A rationale

While nutrition is important for overall health, it is not the most critical factor for the success of a scheduled medication regimen. The client's ability to receive their long-acting antipsychotic injection at a specific time and location is dependent on their ability to get there, not on the availability of nutrition services. Missing a dose due to a lack of transportation directly impacts the medication's therapeutic effect, increasing the risk of symptom relapse.

Choice B rationale

Trust is foundational to any therapeutic relationship, but in this specific scenario of medication non-adherence, the most critical factor is the physical ability to receive the medication. While trust is necessary for the client to accept the injection, the plan's success hinges on their presence at the clinic every three weeks. Without reliable transportation, the highest level of trust will not enable the client to receive their dose.

Choice C rationale

The attitude of significant others can be supportive and influence a client's adherence, but it is not the most critical factor for the logistical success of this treatment plan. A positive attitude from family and friends cannot overcome the barrier of a lack of transportation to the clinic. The physical act of arriving for the injection is the primary hurdle that must be overcome for the plan to be successful, regardless of social support.

Choice D rationale

This is the most critical factor for the success of this treatment plan. Since the client must physically go to the clinic every three weeks to receive their injection, a lack of reliable transportation would make it impossible to adhere to the schedule. Medication non-adherence is a primary reason for symptom relapse in clients with schizophrenia; therefore, ensuring they can get to the clinic is paramount to maintaining therapeutic drug levels and preventing relapse.

Choice A rationale

While questionnaires are used in stress research, Selye's primary contribution was not creating a specific questionnaire. His work was foundational in defining the physiological response to stress itself, regardless of the individual's perception. His model, the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), describes the body's non-specific physiological response to any stressor, detailing a three-stage process that is a fundamental concept in the study of stress.

Choice B rationale

The development of scales to measure stressful life events is a significant area of stress research, often attributed to other researchers like Holmes and Rahe with their Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Selye's contribution was a physiological model of stress response rather than a psychological one focused on individual perceptions. The GAS describes an involuntary, biological response to any stressor, not an individual's subjective rating of it.

Choice C rationale

Dr. Hans Selye's groundbreaking work described the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), a three-stage physiological response to stress. The stages are alarm reaction (the initial "fight-or-flight" response), resistance (where the body attempts to cope with the stressor), and exhaustion (where the body's resources are depleted, leading to potential illness or death). This model is a cornerstone of modern stress theory.

Choice D rationale

Selye's resistance stage describes the body's attempt to adapt to the stressor and return to homeostasis. It is a period of sustained effort to cope, not the use of psychological defense mechanisms. While defense mechanisms are a psychological response to stress, Selye's model is a physiological one. The exhaustion stage follows when the body's resources for resistance are depleted, not when defense mechanisms are used.