What is the most common complication associated with peritoneal dialysis?
Hyperkalemia
Peritonitis
Hypertension
Weight loss
The Correct Answer is B
A. Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia can occur in clients with kidney failure, but peritoneal dialysis typically helps remove excess potassium. It is not the most common complication associated specifically with this therapy.
B. Peritonitis: Peritonitis is the most frequent and serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. It results from infection introduced during the dialysis exchange process, often presenting with abdominal pain, cloudy effluent, fever, and nausea, and requires prompt intervention with antibiotics.
C. Hypertension: Hypertension may be present in clients with renal disease, but peritoneal dialysis generally helps control blood pressure by removing excess fluid.
D. Weight loss: Some clients may experience weight changes due to fluid shifts or dietary modifications, but weight loss is not a typical complication of peritoneal dialysis and is less clinically significant than infection risk.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Demonstrate how to perform the Crede maneuver: The Crede maneuver involves applying manual pressure over the bladder to aid emptying and is typically used for patients with neurogenic bladder or urinary retention, not stress incontinence.
B. Assist the patient to the bathroom every 3 hr: Scheduled toileting may help reduce urgency episodes or functional incontinence, but it does not address the pelvic floor weakness that causes leakage during laughing or coughing in stress incontinence.
C. Place a commode at the patient’s bedside: A bedside commode may be useful for patients with mobility issues or urgency incontinence. In stress incontinence, leakage occurs with increased intra-abdominal pressure rather than inability to reach the toilet quickly.
D. Teach the patient how to perform Kegel exercises: Kegel exercises strengthen pelvic floor muscles, improving urethral sphincter control and reducing leakage episodes during activities like coughing, sneezing, or laughing.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Bradycardia: Bradycardia is not a typical manifestation of peritonitis in clients receiving peritoneal dialysis. Peritonitis usually presents with systemic signs of infection rather than isolated changes in heart rate, and bradycardia is more likely related to cardiac or medication issues.
B. Hyperactive bowel sounds: Hyperactive bowel sounds are not commonly associated with peritonitis. Clients with peritonitis often experience abdominal tenderness and decreased bowel motility due to inflammation, making hyperactive sounds an unlikely finding.
C. Nausea and vomiting: Nausea and vomiting are common signs of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. The infection of the peritoneal cavity can cause gastrointestinal upset, abdominal pain, and systemic symptoms such as fever, making close monitoring essential for early detection and treatment.
D. Increased urinary output: Peritonitis does not cause increased urinary output. Changes in urine output are more commonly associated with kidney function status or fluid balance rather than infection of the peritoneal cavity.
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