A nurse is caring for a client following his first hemodialysis treatment. The client reports a headache, nausea, and restlessness. The nurse should identify these findings as manifestations of which of the following complications?

Choice A reason: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is not directly affected by epoetin alfa therapy, which is used to treat anemia.

Choice B reason: Epoetin alfa stimulates erythropoiesis, leading to an increase in red blood cell production, which would be reflected in an increased hematocrit level.

Choice C reason: The platelet count is not directly affected by epoetin alfa therapy.

Choice D reason: The leukocyte count is not directly affected by epoetin alfa therapy.

Choice A reason: A distended bladder can cause low back pain due to the pressure and stretching of the bladder wall, which is often related to a urinary disorder such as urinary retention or obstruction.

Choice B reason: A stress fracture is less likely to be the cause of low back pain associated with an inability to void and a distended bladder.

Choice C reason: Nerve root pain typically presents with radiating pain down the leg rather than low back pain associated with urinary symptoms.

Choice D reason: Renal cancer could potentially cause low back pain, but it would not typically cause an inability to void or a distended bladder without other significant symptoms.