What is the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis?
Progressive destruction of the cells of the substantia nigra
Damage to the cells of the basal ganglia and cortex
Progressive destruction and weakening of the skeletal muscles
Damage to the myelin of the peripheral nervous system
The Correct Answer is D
A. Progressive destruction of the cells of the substantia nigra: This is the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
B. Damage to the cells of the basal ganglia and cortex: This is often associated with Huntington's disease or specific types of dementia.
C. Progressive destruction and weakening of the skeletal muscles: This describes Muscular Dystrophy.
D. Damage to the myelin of the peripheral nervous system: MS is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath (the protective covering of nerve fibers). MS usually affects the CNS; Guillain-Barré affects the Peripheral system.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Sclerosis. Sclerosis means "hardening" (as in atherosclerosis), which involves stiffening rather than dilation/bulging.
B. Thrombus. A thrombus is a stationary blood clot attached to the vessel wall.
C. Embolus. An embolus is a moving mass (like a clot or air bubble) in the bloodstream.
D. Aneurysm. An aneurysm is a localized, balloon-like bulge or dilation of a blood vessel caused by a weakened arterial wall.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Benign fibroadenoma: These are common benign breast lumps and would not be treated with a salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries).
B. PID: This is an infection of the reproductive organs. While it causes pelvic pain and fever, it is treated with antibiotics, not a surgical removal of the ovaries as a primary diagnostic response to a positive HE4 test.
C. Dysmenorrhea: This is simply the medical term for painful menstrual cramps.
D. Ovarian tumor: The HE4 (Human Epididymis Protein 4) test is a biomarker used specifically to monitor or screen for ovarian cancer. A salpingo-oophorectomy is the surgical removal of the ovaries and tubes, the standard treatment for an ovarian tumor.
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