What occurs during internal respiration?

A. Early spermatid: Early spermatids are haploid cells, round in shape, and have a central nucleus with a significant amount of cytoplasm.

B. Spermatogonium: Spermatogonia are diploid cells found in the basal layer of the seminiferous tubules and are not haploid.

C. Late spermatid: Late spermatids are more elongated and less round as they are close to maturing into sperm.

D. Primary spermatocyte: Primary spermatocytes are diploid cells that undergo meiosis to produce haploid spermatids.

A. It protects the lungs from overinflating: While protective reflexes (like the Hering-Breuer reflex) exist to prevent overinflation, this is primarily a function of the lungs and the medulla, not directly the hypothalamus.

B. It modifies the medulla oblongata's functions: The hypothalamus influences the medulla oblongata, which controls the basic rhythm and rate of breathing, allowing the body to adjust ventilation in response to emotional states, temperature changes, and other stimuli.

C. It maintains the basic rhythm of breathing: The basic rhythm of breathing is primarily generated by the medulla oblongata and pons, while the hypothalamus modulates these functions rather than maintaining them directly.

D. It monitors the respiration rate in sleep and awake states: While the hypothalamus does play a role in the sleep-wake cycle, the actual monitoring of respiration rate is managed by the respiratory centers in the brainstem (medulla and pons).