What is the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of ventilation?
It protects the lungs from overinflating.
It modifies the medulla oblongata's functions.
It maintains the basic rhythm of breathing.
It monitors the respiration rate in sleep and awake states.
The Correct Answer is B
A. It protects the lungs from overinflating: While protective reflexes (like the Hering-Breuer reflex) exist to prevent overinflation, this is primarily a function of the lungs and the medulla, not directly the hypothalamus.
B. It modifies the medulla oblongata's functions: The hypothalamus influences the medulla oblongata, which controls the basic rhythm and rate of breathing, allowing the body to adjust ventilation in response to emotional states, temperature changes, and other stimuli.
C. It maintains the basic rhythm of breathing: The basic rhythm of breathing is primarily generated by the medulla oblongata and pons, while the hypothalamus modulates these functions rather than maintaining them directly.
D. It monitors the respiration rate in sleep and awake states: While the hypothalamus does play a role in the sleep-wake cycle, the actual monitoring of respiration rate is managed by the respiratory centers in the brainstem (medulla and pons).
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Prostate: The prostate gland produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm but does not store mature sperm. Its main function is to contribute to the formation of semen.
B. Seminal Vesicle: The seminal vesicles produce a significant portion of the seminal fluid but do not store sperm. Instead, they provide nutrients for sperm and help form semen.
C. Epididymis: The epididymis is a coiled tube located at the back of each testis where sperm mature and are stored until ejaculation. It plays a crucial role in the maturation process of sperm.
D. Bulbourethral: The bulbourethral glands (or Cowper's glands) secrete a pre-ejaculate fluid that lubricates the urethra but do not store sperm.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This allows for rapid exchange of oxygen and nutrients: Capillaries have thin walls (one cell thick) to facilitate the rapid diffusion of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.
B. This allows for red blood cell formation to occur: Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow, not in capillaries.
C. There is no blood pressure within the capillaries: There is still blood pressure within capillaries, although it is lower than in arteries, so this is incorrect.
D. Blood does not travel through capillaries: Blood does indeed travel through capillaries as part of the circulatory system.
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