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The secretion of which hormone increases the permeability of cells in the collecting ducts to water so more can be reabsorbed?

A.

Aldosterone hormone

B.

Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone

C.

Antidiuretic hormone

D.

Parathyroid hormone

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Aldosterone hormone: Aldosterone affects sodium and potassium reabsorption, increasing water retention indirectly, but it does not directly increase water permeability in the collecting ducts.

B. Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone: This hormone decreases blood volume by inhibiting sodium reabsorption, leading to more water excretion, not reabsorption.

C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): ADH increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

D. Parathyroid hormone: This hormone primarily regulates calcium levels, not water permeability.


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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Fibroblasts: Fibroblasts are responsible for synthesizing the extracellular matrix and collagen, which are essential for tissue repair and healing after an injury.

B. Complement cells: Incorrect. Complement cells are part of the immune response that helps to mark pathogens for destruction, but they do not proliferate during tissue repair.

C. Prostaglandins: Incorrect. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that play a role in inflammation and pain but are not cells and do not proliferate.

D. Leukotrienes: Incorrect. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators involved in the immune response but do not proliferate during tissue repair.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Rugae: The rugae are folds in the stomach lining that expand when the stomach fills with food, increasing surface area for digestion.

B. Microvilli: Microvilli increase surface area in the small intestine, not the stomach.

C. Peritoneum: The peritoneum is a membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity, not involved in surface area expansion of the stomach.

D. Muscularis: The muscularis is the muscle layer responsible for stomach contractions but does not increase surface area.

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