What was Dr. Hans Selye's contribution to the study of stress?
He created a Questionnaire to learn how stressful events influence health.
He developed a scale to measure life events that individuals view as stressful.
He described the stages of the stress cycle that make up the General Adaption Syndrome (GAS).
He defined the stress resistance stage as the use of defense mechanisms to avoid confronting the stressful event.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
While a questionnaire could be a useful tool, it was not Dr. Hans Selye's primary contribution. His work was foundational in defining the physiological response to stress itself, not just in creating a measurement instrument. He described the biological, not just the psychological, mechanisms involved in the body's reaction to stressors.
Choice B rationale
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) was developed by psychiatrists Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe, not Hans Selye. This scale measures stress based on life events and is a tool to assess the psychological impact of stressors. Selye's work focused on the physiological, nonspecific response of the body to any stressor, regardless of its nature.
Choice C rationale
Dr. Selye's seminal work established the General Adaption Syndrome (GAS). He described the three distinct stages that the body undergoes in response to a stressor: the alarm stage (initial shock and mobilization of resources), the resistance stage (coping with the stressor), and the exhaustion stage (depletion of resources and potential for illness).
Choice D rationale
Selye described the resistance stage as the body's continued physiological response to cope with the stressor, where it attempts to return to homeostasis. This stage is not defined by the use of psychological defense mechanisms to avoid confrontation, but rather by the sustained physiological effort of the body to adapt to the ongoing stress.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The initial phase of the nurse-patient relationship, known as the orientation phase, is where data collection and problem identification occur. During this phase, the nurse and client establish a rapport and define the purpose and goals of their interaction. This is a foundational step, distinct from termination, which focuses on the conclusion of the relationship. The termination phase involves summarizing and evaluating progress made.
Choice B rationale
The termination phase of the therapeutic relationship involves a systematic review of the entire nurse-patient interaction. This includes summarizing the progress made, identifying the client's new coping skills, and discussing the client's feelings about the end of the relationship. This process helps solidify the client's gains and prepares them for continued self-management after discharge, promoting independence.
Choice C rationale
Arranging for a transfer to a long-term care facility is a component of discharge planning, but it is not the primary focus of the termination phase itself. Discharge planning involves interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure a safe transition for the client. The termination phase is a distinct psychological and therapeutic process that concludes the one-on-one relationship between the nurse and the client.
Choice D rationale
Relationship parameters, such as the purpose, rules, and boundaries of the interaction, are established during the orientation phase. This phase sets the stage for a therapeutic alliance, differentiating it from a social relationship. The termination phase, in contrast, focuses on the conclusion of the established relationship and the planning for the client’s future beyond the nurse's care.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cultural awareness involves self-examination of one's own biases and prejudices toward other cultures. It is the beginning of the cultural competence journey, but by itself, it does not directly facilitate the formation of a trusting relationship with a client. It is a necessary cognitive step for the nurse to acknowledge their own cultural background before they can effectively engage with others.
Choice B rationale
Cultural knowledge involves the process of seeking and obtaining a sound educational foundation about diverse cultural and ethnic groups. It focuses on learning about the client's worldview, health beliefs, and practices. While this information is crucial for providing culturally congruent care, it is a cognitive process and does not directly build rapport without the application of other skills.
Choice C rationale
Cultural skill is the ability to conduct a culturally competent assessment and physical examination. It involves the collection of relevant cultural data from the client, as well as accurate documentation. It is the application of cultural knowledge, but it is not the primary factor in establishing a genuine and trusting relationship; it is more about the technical application of knowledge.
Choice D rationale
Cultural desire is the motivation to want to engage in the process of becoming culturally competent. It is the sincere and genuine motivation of the nurse to want to understand and help the client. This genuine interest is the key to building rapport, as it conveys respect and a willingness to learn about the client's individual perspective and experiences. *.
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