When administering medications, a nurse must know a client's medical history and pharmacokinetics of prescribed medications because most drugs are metabolized in the:
Lungs
Liver
Kidney
Colon
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Lungs excrete volatile drugs like anesthetics; most medications aren’t metabolized here, as they lack the cytochrome enzymes needed for broad drug breakdown.
Choice B reason: The liver is the primary site; cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize most drugs, converting them into active or excretable forms, critical for pharmacokinetics.
Choice C reason: Kidneys excrete metabolites; they filter, not metabolize, most drugs, relying on prior liver processing, making them secondary in the metabolic pathway.
Choice D reason: The colon absorbs some drugs but doesn’t metabolize most; its role is minimal compared to the liver’s extensive enzymatic drug transformation capacity.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: One 5-mg tablet provides only 5 mg, far below the 15 mg ordered; this underdose fails to control hypertension effectively, risking cardiovascular complications like stroke or heart failure.
Choice B reason: Two tablets yield 10 mg, still short of 15 mg; this insufficient dose wouldn’t achieve therapeutic blood pressure reduction, leaving the patient at risk for hypertensive damage.
Choice C reason: Three 5-mg tablets equal 15 mg, matching the order precisely; this dose effectively inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, lowering blood pressure to a therapeutic range safely.
Choice D reason: Four tablets deliver 20 mg, exceeding the order; this overdose could cause hypotension, dizziness, or renal impairment due to excessive ACE inhibition beyond therapeutic needs.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Herbal remedies lack FDA safety data; in pregnancy, untested substances risk fetal harm (e.g., teratogenicity), making this a critical caution.
Choice B reason: Claiming safety is false; many herbs (e.g., St. John’s Wort) affect pregnancy adversely, and without evidence, this misleads the patient dangerously.
Choice C reason: Consistency isn’t required; herbal products vary widely in potency, and this false assurance ignores regulatory gaps in supplement standardization.
Choice D reason: Labels help, but warnings are inconsistent; this shifts responsibility without addressing the lack of proven safety, a more pressing prenatal concern.
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