When administering medications, a nurse must know a client's medical history and pharmacokinetics of prescribed medications because most drugs are metabolized in the:

Lungs

Liver

Kidney

Colon

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Lungs excrete volatile drugs like anesthetics; most medications aren’t metabolized here, as they lack the cytochrome enzymes needed for broad drug breakdown.

Choice B reason: The liver is the primary site; cytochrome P450 enzymes metabolize most drugs, converting them into active or excretable forms, critical for pharmacokinetics.

Choice C reason: Kidneys excrete metabolites; they filter, not metabolize, most drugs, relying on prior liver processing, making them secondary in the metabolic pathway.

Choice D reason: The colon absorbs some drugs but doesn’t metabolize most; its role is minimal compared to the liver’s extensive enzymatic drug transformation capacity.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Verbal instructions alone risk forgetting; arthritis may impair memory or dexterity, making a physical aid more effective for consistent adherence.

Choice B reason: Childproof caps hinder access; arthritic hands struggle with them, potentially causing missed doses rather than aiding safe administration.

Choice C reason: A pill organizer simplifies timing and dosage; it compensates for arthritis-related dexterity issues, ensuring accurate intake for a solo patient.

Choice D reason: Outdated drugs risk toxicity or inefficacy; keeping them confuses regimens, endangering the patient rather than supporting current treatment needs.

A. A patient develops hives after having started an antibiotic 24 hours earlier. B. A patient receives a double dose of a medication because the nurse did not cut the pill in half. C. A patient refuses her morning medications. D. A patient complains of severe pain still present 60 minutes after a pain medication was given.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Allergic reactions are adverse drug effects, not necessarily medication errors. Documentation of allergies before administration prevents such events.

Choice B reason: Administering a double dose results directly from improper preparation, constituting a clear medication error requiring immediate reporting and corrective action.

Choice C reason: Patient refusal is not a medication error but a decision. Nurses must document refusals and provide education on medication importance.

Choice D reason: Persistent pain indicates ineffective medication, which is an issue of treatment efficacy, not an error in administration.

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When administering medications, a nurse must know a client's medical history and pharmacokinetics of prescribed medications because most drugs are metabolized in the:

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Correct Answer is C

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