When administering norepinephrine (Levophed), the nurse monitors the patient for:

Hypotension.

Liver failure

Bradycardia.

Hypertension

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hypotension: Norepinephrine is administered to treat hypotension, so monitoring for hypotension is not typically a concern while the patient is receiving this medication. In fact, hypotension is often the reason for administering norepinephrine in the first place.

B. Liver failure: Monitoring for signs of liver failure may be important in patients receiving certain medications, but it is not a specific consideration when administering norepinephrine. Norepinephrine primarily affects blood pressure regulation and does not typically have direct effects on liver function.

C. Bradycardia: While norepinephrine can increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels, it may also cause reflex bradycardia (a decrease in heart rate) as a compensatory response. However, the primary concern with norepinephrine administration is hypertension, not bradycardia.

D. Hypertension
Norepinephrine (Levophed) is a vasopressor medication commonly used to treat hypotension and shock. It works by constricting blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. Therefore, when administering norepinephrine, the nurse should monitor the patient for hypertension, as the medication's intended effect is to raise blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Restlessness.
Restlessness is often one of the earliest signs of shock. It reflects the body's attempt to compensate for decreased tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery by increasing sympathetic nervous system activity. Restlessness may manifest as agitation, fidgeting, or an inability to sit still. It is an important clinical indicator that suggests impending hemodynamic instability and warrants prompt assessment and intervention.

B) Pale skin:
Pale skin is a common sign of shock, but it may not always be the earliest manifestation. Pale skin typically occurs later in the progression of shock as vasoconstriction occurs, redirecting blood flow away from the skin to vital organs in an attempt to maintain perfusion.

C) Complaints of thirst:
While complaints of thirst may indicate dehydration or fluid loss, they are not typically considered the earliest sign of shock. Thirst usually occurs after the body has already begun to experience fluid deficit and may not be apparent until shock is more advanced.

D) Complaints of nausea:
Nausea may occur in shock due to decreased perfusion to the gastrointestinal tract, but it is not usually the earliest sign. Nausea may develop as shock progresses and metabolic disturbances worsen, but it is often preceded by other symptoms such as restlessness or altered mental status.

A. 250 mL/hr and 45 drops/min B. 200 mL/hr and 45 drops/min C. 200 mL/hr and 50 drops/min D. 250 mL/hr and 50 drops/min

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

To calculate the rate of administration in milliliters per hour (mL/hr):

First, find the total volume to be infused: 1000 mL

Next, divide the total volume by the total time in hours: 1000 mL ÷ 5 hours = 200 mL/hr

Therefore, you will administer the solution at a rate of 200 mL/hr.

To calculate the rate of administration in drops per minute (drops/min):

First, find the total drops: 1000 mL × 15 drops/mL = 15,000 drops

Next, divide the total drops by the total time in minutes: 15,000 drops ÷ (5 hours × 60 minutes/hour) = 50 drops/min

Therefore, you will administer the solution at a rate of 200 mL/hr and 50 drops/min.

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When administering norepinephrine (Levophed), the nurse monitors the patient for:

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