When assessing an adult client experiencing diarrhea, the nurse notes a round "moon" face, a buffalo hump at the nape of the neck, and a velvety discoloration around the neck. What is the possible cause of these signs?

(A) Keep the pace of the history moving forward to reduce time: While it's important to be efficient, rushing through the health history can compromise the quality of the information gathered. Older adults may need more time to recall details and respond thoughtfully. Ensuring a thorough and patient approach is essential for obtaining accurate and comprehensive information.
(B) Limit the use of brief screening tools: Brief screening tools can be valuable for identifying specific health issues quickly and efficiently. Limiting their use might lead to missing important information or failing to detect underlying conditions. Using appropriate screening tools helps in capturing relevant data and providing a better overall assessment.
(C) Limit open-ended questions: Open-ended questions are crucial in obtaining detailed and descriptive responses from older adults. Limiting their use could hinder the ability to understand the client’s complete health history and concerns. These questions encourage clients to elaborate on their experiences and provide more nuanced information.
(D) Have the room well-lit with minimal background noise: A well-lit room with minimal background noise creates an environment conducive to effective communication. Older adults might have impaired vision or hearing, so ensuring good lighting and reducing distractions helps them focus and respond more accurately. This strategy enhances the accuracy of the health history and facilitates better interaction between the nurse and client.

A) Decreased exercises: This is not a recommended measure for preventing peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Regular physical activity is important in managing PAD and preventing its progression. Exercise helps improve circulation and can alleviate symptoms.
B) Diabetes management: Effective management of diabetes is crucial for preventing PAD. High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels over time, increasing the risk of PAD. Managing blood glucose levels helps reduce this risk.
C) Smoking cessation: Smoking is a major risk factor for PAD. It contributes to the narrowing and hardening of arteries. Quitting smoking is essential for preventing PAD and improving overall vascular health.
D) Hyperlipidemia control: Managing high cholesterol levels is important in preventing PAD. Elevated lipid levels contribute to the buildup of plaques in arteries, which can lead to PAD. Controlling hyperlipidemia through diet, exercise, and medication can reduce this risk.