When monitoring patients on antitubercular drug therapy, the nurse knows that which drug may cause a decrease in visual acuity?

Rifampin

Ethambutol

Streptomycin

Isoniazid

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Rifampin Rifampin is an antitubercular drug that is effective against all strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of RNA in the bacteria, preventing them from reproducing. However, it does not typically cause a decrease in visual acuity.

Choice B rationale:

Ethambutol Ethambutol is an antitubercular drug that can cause ocular toxicity in the form of visual field changes. It is known to induce toxic optic neuropathy, which is quite common and can lead to a decrease in visual acuity. Patients on Ethambutol therapy are advised to report any changes in visual acuity or eye discomfort immediately to their healthcare provider.

Choice C rationale:

Streptomycin Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. While it can cause side effects such as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, it is not typically associated with a decrease in visual acuity.

Choice D rationale:

Isoniazid Isoniazid is a first-line antitubercular drug that works by inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it can cause peripheral neuropathy, it is not typically associated with a decrease in visual acuity.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

This statement is incorrect. Sulfonamides should be taken for the full time of treatment, even if the patient begins to feel better after a few days. If the medication is stopped too soon, the symptoms may return.

Choice B rationale:

This statement is correct. Sulfonamides can cause increased photosensitivity, which means the skin can be more sensitive to the sun and burn more easily. Therefore, patients should be educated to use sunscreen and protective clothing with sun exposure.

Choice C rationale:

This statement is correct. Sulfonamides are best taken with a full glass (8 ounces) of water. Several additional glasses of water should be taken every day, unless otherwise directed by the doctor. Drinking extra water will help to prevent some unwanted effects of sulfonamides.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is incorrect. Restricting daily fluid intake to 1000ml per day while on sulfonamides could increase the risk of crystalluria that can cause kidney stones or decreased kidney function. Therefore, patients should increase their water intake while taking these medications.

A. Macrolides B. Sulfonamides C. Carbapenems D. Tetracyclines

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Macrolides Macrolides, such as erythromycin and azithromycin, are a class of antibiotics that are typically used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria and some respiratory tract infections. They are not the first line of treatment for urinary tract infections.

Choice B rationale:

Sulfonamides Sulfonamides, such as sulfamethoxazole, are often used to treat urinary tract infections. They work by stopping the growth of bacteria. Sulfonamides are often combined with other antibiotics like trimethoprim to increase their effectiveness. This combination is commonly known as co-trimoxazole.

Choice C rationale:

Carbapenems Carbapenems are a class of antibiotics that are usually reserved for serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. While they can be used to treat a variety of infections, they are not typically the first choice for urinary tract infections.

Choice D rationale:

Tetracyclines Tetracyclines are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria. However, they are not typically used for urinary tract infections. They are more commonly used for infections such as acne, chlamydia, and Lyme disease.

Please consult with a healthcare professional for accurate information.

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When monitoring patients on antitubercular drug therapy, the nurse knows that which drug may cause a decrease in visual acuity?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing to educate a patient who has just been prescribed a sulfonamide. Which statements should be included in the teaching plan?

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

A patient has a urinary tract infection. The nurse knows that which class of drugs is especially useful for such infections?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

When teaching a patient a skill such as self-injection of insulin, what is the best way to set up the teaching/learning session?

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A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has pulmonary tuberculosis and a new prescription for rifampin. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?

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