When planning care for a patient on a mechanical ventilator, the nurse understands that the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the ventilator settings has which therapeutic effect?

Need for increased FiO2 administration.

Increased inflation of the lungs.

Prevention of alveolar collapse during expiration.

Prevention of barotrauma to the lung tissue.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:

The application of PEEP does not inherently increase the need for FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) administration. PEEP helps improve oxygenation, potentially reducing the need for higher FiO2 levels.

Choice B reason:

While PEEP can contribute to better lung inflation by keeping the alveoli open, this is a secondary effect. The primary goal of PEEP is to prevent alveolar collapse at the end of expiration.

Choice C reason:

PEEP prevents alveolar collapse during expiration, which is its primary therapeutic effect. By maintaining a certain level of pressure in the lungs at the end of expiration, PEEP ensures that the alveoli remain open, improving gas exchange and oxygenation.

Choice D reason:

Although PEEP can help reduce the risk of atelectasis (collapse of part or all of a lung), it does not directly prevent barotrauma. Barotrauma is related to high airway pressures, and careful monitoring of ventilator settings is necessary to avoid it.

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Correct Answer is ["83"]

Explanation

To calculate the infusion rate, divide the total volume of fluid to be infused by the total time over which the infusion should occur.

$\frac{330 \text{ mL}}{4 \text{ hours}} = 82.5 \text{ mL/hr}$

Rounding to the nearest whole number, the nurse should set the pump to deliver 83 mL/hr.

A. The extent of your injury cannot be determined until any secondary injury to the cord has resolved. B. An MRI can reveal the extent of cord damage. C. You will have normal function when spinal shock resolves and the reflex arc returns. D. Because rehabilitation can affect the return of function, it will be years before impairment can be determined.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

The extent of impairment following a spinal cord injury cannot be determined until any secondary injury to the cord has resolved. Secondary injury, such as inflammation and swelling, can worsen the initial damage and impact the long-term prognosis.

Choice B reason:

An MRI can reveal the extent of cord damage but does not provide a complete picture of the potential functional outcomes. The full extent of impairment cannot be determined solely by imaging.

Choice C reason:

Stating that the patient will have normal function when spinal shock resolves and the reflex arc returns is misleading and overly optimistic. Not all patients will regain normal function after a spinal cord injury, and outcomes vary.

Choice D reason:

While rehabilitation plays a crucial role in recovery, stating that it will be years before impairment can be determined is not entirely accurate. Functional outcomes can often be assessed sooner as the initial recovery phase progresses.

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When planning care for a patient on a mechanical ventilator, the nurse understands that the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the ventilator settings has which therapeutic effect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to infuse one unit, 330 mL, of packed red blood cells over 4 hours to a patient with heart failure. The nurse should set the pump to deliver how many mL/hr? Round to the nearest whole number.

Correct Answer is ["83"]

Explanation

Immediately following a spinal cord injury, a patient asks about the extent of impairment that will result from the injury. The best response by the nurse is:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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