When the nurse inserts an ordered urinary catheter into the client's urethra after the client has refused the procedure, and then the client suffers an injury, the client may sue the nurse for which type of tort?
Battery.
Dereliction of duty.
Assault.
Invasion of privacy.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Battery in a legal context refers to the intentional touching of another person without their consent. Inserting a urinary catheter into a client's urethra after the client has explicitly refused the procedure constitutes a non-consensual physical contact. Even if the procedure was ordered, the lack of consent transforms the act into battery, especially if it results in injury to the client.
Choice B rationale
Dereliction of duty, a component of negligence, involves a failure to meet the accepted standard of care. While inserting a catheter against a client's will could be seen as a failure in ethical and potentially professional standards, the specific tort of battery focuses on the unauthorized physical contact, regardless of whether it was done negligently or with intent to harm (though intent to touch without consent is present).
Choice C rationale
Assault involves an intentional act that creates a reasonable apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact. While the client may have felt threatened or apprehensive when the nurse proceeded despite their refusal, the actual insertion of the catheter and subsequent injury constitute battery, as physical contact occurred. Assault precedes battery; battery is the actual physical contact.
Choice D rationale
Invasion of privacy pertains to the wrongful intrusion into a person's private affairs or the public disclosure of private information. While a client has a right to privacy regarding their body and medical procedures, the act of physically inserting a catheter against their will, leading to injury, primarily constitutes a physical violation and lack of consent, which falls under the definition of battery.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The amount of stage 4 (deep, slow-wave) sleep actually decreases as individuals age. Older adults tend to have less deep sleep and more fragmented sleep patterns with increased awakenings.
Choice B rationale
Circadian rhythms, the body's internal clock regulating sleep-wake cycles, tend to become less prominent or more easily disrupted as clients age. This can lead to changes in sleep timing, such as earlier bedtimes and wake times.
Choice C rationale
Older clients typically take longer to fall asleep (increased sleep latency) compared to younger individuals due to various physiological and environmental factors.
Choice D rationale
Total sleep time generally decreases with age. Older adults often require and obtain less sleep per night compared to younger adults. This is a normal physiological change associated with aging.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While it might seem natural to inquire about prior discussions, this response could induce guilt or regret in the spouse and doesn't directly address the current emotional distress and uncertainty about the spouse's wishes as explicitly stated in the advance directive. It shifts the focus to the past rather than the present need for clarification regarding the existing directive.
Choice B rationale
Although the primary care provider may indeed have the client's best interests in mind, this statement dismisses the spouse's expressed uncertainty and relies on an assumption about the PCP's motivations. It doesn't help the spouse understand or feel confident about the content of the advance directive, which is the core of their concern.
Choice C rationale
This statement, while true, places the burden of decision-making solely on the spouse without acknowledging the existence of the advance directive, which is meant to guide such decisions. It overlooks the possibility that the directive already contains the spouse's wishes and could offer clarity, thereby increasing the spouse's anxiety.
Choice D rationale
This response directly addresses the spouse's statement by reminding them that their spouse's wishes are likely documented in the advance directive. It encourages the spouse to review the directive, which is the most direct way to understand what their spouse wanted regarding medical interventions like a PEG tube, thus providing immediate and relevant support.
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