Which age-related physiological change puts a client at higher risk for adverse medication complications?

Reduced muscle mass.

Decreased renal function.

Slowed gastrointestinal motility.

Thinning of the layers of the skin.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

This is because older adults have a reduced ability to excrete drugs and their metabolites through the kidneys, which can lead to drug accumulation and toxicity. Decreased renal function can also affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs, altering their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

Choice A is wrong because reduced muscle mass does not directly affect drug metabolism or clearance, although it may affect the volume of distribution of some drugs that are highly protein-bound or lipophilic.

Choice C is wrong because slowed gastrointestinal motility does not increase the risk of adverse drug events in older adults, although it may affect the rate and extent of drug absorption.

Choice D is wrong because thinning of the layers of the skin does not affect drug metabolism or clearance, although it may increase the risk of skin infections or injuries.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This is because spinach and salads contain a lot of vitamin K, which can make warfarin less effective at preventing blood clots.

Vitamin K helps the blood to clot, so eating foods high in vitamin K can counteract the effect of warfarin.

Choice A is wrong because wheat bread and butter do not contain a lot of vitamin K and do not affect warfarin.

Choice B is wrong because mangoes and tomatoes do not contain a lot of vitamin K and do not affect warfarin.

Choice D is wrong because aged cheeses and wine do not contain a lot of vitamin K and do not affect warfarin.

It is important to keep a stable diet while taking warfarin and avoid sudden changes in the amount of vitamin K intake. Foods that are high in vitamin K include green leafy vegetables, chickpeas, liver, egg yolks, avocado, and olive oil.

These foods should be limited but not eliminated from the diet. Do not drink cranberry or grapefruit juice while taking warfarin as they can increase the risk of bleeding.

A. Hemoglobin 15.3 mg/dL. B. Serum Osmolality 265 mOsm/Kg. C. Serum Sodium 134 mEq/L. D. Urine specific gravity 1.025.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This indicates that the client has a fluid volume deficit, which is consistent with the signs and symptoms of low urine output, weight gain, irritability, and headache. The normal range for serum osmolality is 275 to 295 mOsm/Kg.

Choice A is wrong because hemoglobin 15.3 mg/dL is within the normal range of 12 to 18 mg/dL and does not correlate with fluid imbalance.

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Which age-related physiological change puts a client at higher risk for adverse medication complications?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is ordered for a client. The client asks the nurse about dietary restrictions while taking this medication. Which of the following foods should be limited?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The client’s 24-hour urine output is 750 mL and an amber color, oral intake is 1700 mL, and the weight has increased 3 kilograms in 2 days. The client is irritable and states “I have a headache.” Which laboratory value most correlates with these signs and symptoms?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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