Which age-related physiological change puts a client at higher risk for adverse medication complications?

Reduced muscle mass.

Decreased renal function.

Slowed gastrointestinal motility.

Thinning of the layers of the skin.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

This is because older adults have a reduced ability to excrete drugs and their metabolites through the kidneys, which can lead to drug accumulation and toxicity. Decreased renal function can also affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs, altering their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

Choice A is wrong because reduced muscle mass does not directly affect drug metabolism or clearance, although it may affect the volume of distribution of some drugs that are highly protein-bound or lipophilic.

Choice C is wrong because slowed gastrointestinal motility does not increase the risk of adverse drug events in older adults, although it may affect the rate and extent of drug absorption.

Choice D is wrong because thinning of the layers of the skin does not affect drug metabolism or clearance, although it may increase the risk of skin infections or injuries.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Offer a glass of warm milk. According to some studies, warm milk may have a relaxing effect on the body and help induce sleep. It also contains tryptophan, an amino acid that is converted to serotonin and melatonin, which are neurotransmitters that regulate sleep cycles.

Choice A is wrong because a warm shower may increase the body temperature and make it harder to fall asleep.

Choice C is wrong because notifying the healthcare provider is not necessary for a client with insomnia unless there are other signs of distress or complications.

Choice D is wrong because watching television may stimulate the brain and interfere with the production of melatonin, a hormone that promotes sleep.

Some other nursing interventions for insomnia are:

Educate the patient on the proper food and fluid intake such as avoiding heavy meals, alcohol, caffeine, or smoking before bedtime.
Evaluate the patient’s sleep hygiene such as having a regular bedtime and wake-up time, avoiding naps during the day, and limiting exposure to light at night.
Provide a conducive environment for sleep such as reducing noise, adjusting temperature and lighting, and using comfortable bedding.
Help the patient develop a sleeping plan such as engaging in relaxing activities before bed, avoiding checking the clock, and getting out of bed if unable to sleep after 20 minutes.
Understand the proper use of sleep aids or other medications such as following the prescription, avoiding over-the-counter drugs without consulting the provider, and being aware of the side effects and interactions.

A. temperature 97.5° F(36.4° C), BP 98/64 mm Hg, pulse 90/min, RR 18/min. B. temperature 99.5° F (37.5° C), BP 126/80 mm Hg, pulse 68/min, RR 16/min. C. temperature 100.7° F (38.2° C), BP 118/68 mm Hg, pulse 84/min, RR 20/min. D. temperature 101.8° F(38.8° C), BP 100/60 mm Hg, pulse 98/min, RR 28/min.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

temperature 101.8° F(38.8° C), BP 100/60 mm Hg, pulse 98/min, RR 28/min. This set of vital signs indicates that the client may have an infection or sepsis, which are potential complications of an open cholecystectomy. The client has a fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension, which are signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Choice A is wrong because it shows mild hypothermia, hypotension, and tachycardia, which could be due to dehydration or blood loss, but not necessarily infection.

Choice B is wrong because it shows a slight fever, normal blood pressure, and bradycardia, which could be due to pain or medication, but not infection.

Choice C is wrong because it shows a low-grade fever, normal blood pressure and pulse, and mild tachypnea, which could be due to inflammation or dehydration, but not infection.

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Which age-related physiological change puts a client at higher risk for adverse medication complications?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized pre-operative client experiencing insomnia in the hospital at 3:00 am (0300). Which nursing intervention is the most appropriate for this client?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client who has a blood glucose level of 800 mg/dL is to receive insulin intravenously. Which form of insulin is safe for intravenous administration?

A client has been recently started on phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) for depression. Which statement indicates that the client requires further educational reinforcement about the medication?

A middle-aged adult client with nausea and vomiting for three days presents to the emergency room. Which findings should the nurse expect to assess in a client diagnosed with dehydration? Select all that apply.

Which symptom experienced by a client receiving a continuous enteral feeding via a nasogastric tube requires priority follow-up by the nurse?

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