Which are effective ways to help prevent medication errors? (Select all that apply)
Using electronic medical order entry systems
Naming, blaming, and shaming those who make errors
Prosecuting caregivers who make errors
Helping patients to be active, informed members of the healthcare team
Developing nonpunitive approaches to track errors
Correct Answer : A,D,E
Choice A reason: Electronic order entry systems reduce errors by standardizing prescriptions and flagging issues. This enhances safety, making it a correct preventive strategy.
Choice B reason: Naming and shaming create fear, discouraging error reporting and learning. Nonpunitive approaches are effective, so this is incorrect for preventing errors.
Choice C reason: Prosecuting caregivers deters transparency, hindering error analysis. Supportive tracking systems prevent errors, so this is incorrect for effective strategies.
Choice D reason: Engaging patients as informed team members improves adherence and catches errors. This collaborative approach is effective, making it a correct choice.
Choice E reason: Nonpunitive error tracking encourages reporting, identifying patterns to prevent future mistakes. This is a proven method, making it a correct choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Morphine, an opioid, binds to mu, kappa, and delta receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract. Mu receptors in the gut slow peristalsis, causing constipation, while central receptors relieve pain. This multi-receptor binding explains both therapeutic and side effects, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Constipation from morphine occurs at therapeutic, not just toxic, doses due to mu receptor activation in the gastrointestinal tract, which reduces motility. Toxicity may worsen side effects, but constipation is a common effect at standard doses, making this choice inaccurate for explaining morphine’s mechanism.
Choice C reason: Morphine’s receptors (e.g., mu) regulate multiple processes, but the drug itself isn’t selective to multifunctional receptors. It binds broadly to opioid receptors, causing both analgesia and side effects like constipation. This choice misrepresents morphine’s non-selective binding, making it less accurate than choice A.
Choice D reason: Morphine’s effects, including analgesia and constipation, result from specific receptor binding, not coincidental processes. It activates opioid receptors in the brain for pain relief and in the gut for reduced motility. This choice incorrectly suggests constipation is unrelated to morphine’s pharmacological action, making it incorrect.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pentazocine is less effective for severe, chronic pain and has mixed agonist-antagonist effects. Fentanyl is stronger for opioid-tolerant patients, so this is incorrect.
Choice B reason: Hydrocodone is weaker than oxycodone and inadequate for severe, resistant pain. Fentanyl’s potency suits chronic cancer pain, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Fentanyl transdermal is potent, long-acting, and ideal for severe, chronic cancer pain in opioid-tolerant patients. It’s appropriate here, making it the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Meperidine is not recommended for chronic pain due to neurotoxic metabolites. Fentanyl is safer and more effective, so this is incorrect.
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