Which are therapeutic uses of verapamil? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: Patient weight: 198 lbs ÷ 2.2 = 90 kg. Dose: 1 mg/kg × 90 kg = 90 mg. Volume: 90 mg ÷ (30 mg/0.3 mL) = 90 × 0.3/30 = 0.9 mL. This delivers the correct anticoagulant dose for conditions like DVT, making it the accurate choice.

Choice B reason: For 90 kg (198 lbs ÷ 2.2), the dose is 90 mg. Volume: 90 mg ÷ (30 mg/0.3 mL) = 0.9 mL. Choice B (1.2 mL) delivers 120 mg (1.2 × 30/0.3), overdosing Lovenox, increasing bleeding risk, making it incorrect.

Choice C reason: The correct volume for 90 mg is 0.9 mL (90 ÷ 30 mg/0.3 mL). Choice C (0.6 mL) delivers 60 mg (0.6 × 30/0.3), underdosing Lovenox, reducing anticoagulant efficacy, which could fail to prevent thrombosis, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: For 90 mg, the volume is 0.9 mL. Choice D (0.3 mL) delivers 30 mg (0.3 × 30/0.3), significantly underdosing Lovenox for a 90 kg patient, risking inadequate anticoagulation and thrombotic events, making this choice incorrect.

Choice A reason: NSAIDs, like ibuprofen, exacerbate peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by inhibiting COX-1, reducing protective gastric mucus and increasing acid-related damage. They are contraindicated in these conditions, making this choice incorrect for treatment.

Choice B reason: Antacids neutralize gastric acid, providing rapid symptom relief in PUD and GERD by reducing acid irritation on the esophagus and stomach lining. They are a standard, non-prescription option for mild symptoms, making this a correct choice for managing these conditions.

Choice C reason: Laxatives treat constipation by promoting bowel movements but have no role in PUD or GERD, which involve acid-related damage to the stomach or esophagus. They don’t affect gastric acid or mucosal protection, making this choice incorrect for treatment.

Choice D reason: H2 antagonists, like ranitidine, reduce gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors on parietal cells, promoting ulcer healing and relieving GERD symptoms. They are a mainstay treatment for both conditions, making this a correct choice for effective management.

Choice E reason: Proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, strongly inhibit gastric acid production by blocking the proton pump in parietal cells, allowing ulcer healing and reducing GERD symptoms. They are first-line therapy for PUD and GERD, making this a correct choice.