Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values:

pH 7.32, PaCO2 <37, HCO3- <24

Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: pH 7.32 (low, acidic), PaCO2 <37 mm Hg (normal/low), and HCO3- <24 mEq/L (low) indicate metabolic acidosis, as low bicarbonate causes acidosis without respiratory compensation (PaCO2 normal). This matches uncompensated metabolic acidosis, often due to conditions like lactic acidosis or diabetic ketoacidosis, making this the correct choice.

Choice B reason: Uncompensated respiratory acidosis involves elevated PaCO2 (>45 mm Hg) causing low pH, with normal HCO3-. Here, PaCO2 is <37 mm Hg (normal/low) and HCO3- is low, pointing to a metabolic, not respiratory, cause of acidosis, making this choice incorrect for the given ABG values.

Choice C reason: Partially compensated respiratory acidosis requires elevated PaCO2 and increased HCO3- as compensation. Here, PaCO2 is <37 mm Hg (normal/low) and HCO3- is low, ruling out respiratory acidosis. The low pH and low HCO3- indicate a metabolic cause, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Partially compensated metabolic acidosis involves low pH, low HCO3-, and decreased PaCO2 as respiratory compensation. While HCO3- is low, PaCO2 is not significantly reduced to indicate compensation (given as <37 mm Hg, likely normal). This suggests uncompensated metabolic acidosis, making this choice less accurate than A.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Questioning why allergies aren’t aren’t in the chart is secondary and confrontational. Clarifying the specific allergy ensures safety, so this is incorrect for the first action.

Choice B reason: Identifying the specific antibiotic and reaction verifies the allergy, preventing anaphylaxis or harm. This is the priority safety step, making it the correct first action.

Choice C reason: Lowering the dose doesn’t address the allergy risk; allergic reactions can occur regardless. Verifying the allergy is critical first, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: An antihistamine may mitigate mild reactions but doesn’t confirm the allergy. Clarifying the allergy prevents unsafe administration, so this is incorrect for the first step.

A. This route allows more rapid absorption of the drug B. This route prevents inactivation of the drug by digestive enzymes C. This route is the best way to control serum drug levels D. This route is safer, less expensive, and more convenient

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Enteral (oral) administration typically has slower absorption than intravenous routes due to first-pass metabolism in the liver and variable gastric emptying. While effective for many drugs, it’s not faster than parenteral routes, making this choice incorrect for describing the primary advantage of enteral administration.

Choice B reason: Some enteral drugs are inactivated by digestive enzymes or liver metabolism (first-pass effect), not prevented. Special formulations (e.g., enteric-coated) may protect drugs, but this isn’t a general advantage of the enteral route, which often faces enzymatic degradation, making this choice inaccurate.

Choice C reason: Enteral administration does not offer superior control of serum drug levels compared to intravenous routes, which provide precise dosing and immediate bioavailability. Oral drugs face variable absorption and first-pass metabolism, leading to less predictable levels, making this choice incorrect for enteral benefits.

Choice D reason: Enteral administration is safer (avoids injection risks like infection), less expensive (no need for sterile equipment), and more convenient (self-administered at home). These advantages make it preferable for many drugs, aligning with patient compliance and cost-effectiveness, making this the correct choice for the nurse’s response.

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Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.32, PaCO2 <37, HCO3- <24

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values:

pH 7.32, PaCO2 <37, HCO3- <24