Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values:

pH 7.32, PaCO2 <37, HCO3- <24

Uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Partially compensated respiratory acidosis

Partially compensated metabolic acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: pH 7.32 (low, acidic), PaCO2 <37 mm Hg (normal/low), and HCO3- <24 mEq/L (low) indicate metabolic acidosis, as low bicarbonate causes acidosis without respiratory compensation (PaCO2 normal). This matches uncompensated metabolic acidosis, often due to conditions like lactic acidosis or diabetic ketoacidosis, making this the correct choice.

Choice B reason: Uncompensated respiratory acidosis involves elevated PaCO2 (>45 mm Hg) causing low pH, with normal HCO3-. Here, PaCO2 is <37 mm Hg (normal/low) and HCO3- is low, pointing to a metabolic, not respiratory, cause of acidosis, making this choice incorrect for the given ABG values.

Choice C reason: Partially compensated respiratory acidosis requires elevated PaCO2 and increased HCO3- as compensation. Here, PaCO2 is <37 mm Hg (normal/low) and HCO3- is low, ruling out respiratory acidosis. The low pH and low HCO3- indicate a metabolic cause, making this choice incorrect.

Choice D reason: Partially compensated metabolic acidosis involves low pH, low HCO3-, and decreased PaCO2 as respiratory compensation. While HCO3- is low, PaCO2 is not significantly reduced to indicate compensation (given as <37 mm Hg, likely normal). This suggests uncompensated metabolic acidosis, making this choice less accurate than A.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Beta blockers decrease renin release, reducing angiotensin II and aldosterone, which lowers blood pressure. This statement is accurate, reflecting correct understanding, so it does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice B reason: Beta blockers do not primarily decrease peripheral vascular resistance; they reduce heart rate and contractility. Peripheral resistance is more affected by alpha blockers or vasodilators, so this incorrect statement indicates a need for further teaching.

Choice C reason: Beta blockers reduce heart rate and myocardial contractility, decreasing cardiac output and blood pressure. This statement is correct, showing proper understanding, so it does not require additional teaching.

Choice D reason: While beta blockers do not directly block angiotensin II, they reduce its production by decreasing renin. The statement is imprecise but not entirely wrong, making it less indicative of a teaching need than choice B.

A. Zithromax can cause cancer in women. B. Your medical conditions, age, and gender make you susceptible to QT prolongation, a known risk of this antibiotic. C. This antibiotic is less effective in women. D. Zithromax is expensive, so your insurance won’t pay for it.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason is that Zithromax (azithromycin) is not linked to cancer in women; this is inaccurate. QT prolongation is a known risk, especially in elderly patients with cardiac issues, so this is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Azithromycin can prolong the QT interval, risking arrhythmias, particularly in older women with heart rhythm issues. This explains the different prescribing, making it the correct choice.

Choice C reason: Zithromax’s effectiveness is not gender-specific; efficacy depends on the infection, not sex. The cardiac risk is the concern, so this is incorrect for the explanation.

Choice D reason: Cost or insurance is irrelevant to the medical decision. QT prolongation risk in this patient’s profile drives the choice, so this is incorrect.

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Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.32, PaCO2 <37, HCO3- <24

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is discussing how beta blockers work to decrease blood pressure with a nursing student. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A female patient is questioning the nurse on why she can’t explain the same 5-day antibiotic (Zithromax) that her husband received. The patient is 65 with a history of and has an abnormal heart rhythm. The nurse explains that:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values:

pH 7.32, PaCO2 <37, HCO3- <24