A nurse teaches a patient who takes daily low-dose aspirin for protection against myocardial infarction and stroke to avoid also taking which medication?
Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
Loratadine [Claritin]
Ibuprofen [Motrin]
Multivitamin
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, does not significantly interact with aspirin’s antiplatelet effects. It primarily blocks histamine receptors, affecting allergies, not platelet aggregation. While it may cause drowsiness, it doesn’t increase bleeding risk or counteract aspirin’s cardiovascular benefits, making it safe to use concurrently with low-dose aspirin.
Choice B reason: Loratadine, a second-generation antihistamine, targets histamine receptors to relieve allergy symptoms. It has no known interaction with aspirin’s antiplatelet mechanism or bleeding risk. Its minimal side effect profile makes it compatible with low-dose aspirin for cardiovascular protection, so avoiding it is unnecessary in this context.
Choice C reason: Ibuprofen, an NSAID, competes with aspirin for COX-1 binding sites, reducing aspirin’s antiplatelet effect critical for preventing myocardial infarction and stroke. It also increases gastrointestinal bleeding risk when combined with aspirin, making it contraindicated for patients on low-dose aspirin therapy, thus the correct choice to avoid.
Choice D reason: Multivitamins do not interfere with aspirin’s antiplatelet action or increase bleeding risk. They provide supplemental nutrients without affecting COX-1 inhibition or platelet aggregation. There’s no pharmacological basis for avoiding multivitamins with low-dose aspirin, making this choice irrelevant for the patient’s cardiovascular regimen.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Nonselective agonists activate multiple receptors, not specific ones, leading to widespread effects. Specific processes are targeted by selective agonists, so this is incorrect for nonselective drugs.
Choice B reason: Nonselective agonists activate, not prevent, receptors. Prevention is the role of antagonists, so this is incorrect for a nonselective agonist’s mechanism of action.
Choice C reason: Nonselective agonists activate multiple receptor types, affecting many physiologic processes (e.g., epinephrine). This broad action is their hallmark, making it the correct choice for the drug’s effect.
Choice D reason: Preventing receptor activation describes antagonists, not agonists. Nonselective agonists stimulate multiple processes, so this is incorrect for the drug’s pharmacological action.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Checking blood sugar daily or more is appropriate for diabetes management with glipizide. This shows understanding, so it is not concerning and incorrect.
Choice B reason: Moderate alcohol (e.g., one glass of wine) is generally safe with glipizide if blood sugar is controlled. This is less concerning than grapefruit, so it’s incorrect.
Choice C reason: Taking glipizide once daily with breakfast is correct, as it enhances insulin release with meals. This is appropriate, so it is not concerning and incorrect.
Choice D reason: Grapefruit juice can inhibit CYP enzymes, potentially increasing glipizide levels and hypoglycemia risk. This misunderstanding is dangerous, making it the correct concerning statement.
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