Which assessment finding will the nurse expect for a patient with the following laboratory values: sodium 145 mEq/L, potassium 45 mq, calcium 45 mg/dL?

Light-headedness when standing up

Weak quadriceps muscles

Decreased deep tendon reflexes

Tingling of extremities

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Light-headedness when standing up:
Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis, cardiac dysrhythmias, and even cardiac arrest. Light-headedness when standing up is more commonly associated with orthostatic hypotension or volume depletion rather than electrolyte imbalances like hyperkalemia.

B. Weak quadriceps muscles:
Weakness in the quadriceps muscles is not typically associated with the electrolyte imbalances presented in the scenario. Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness, but it is not specific to the quadriceps.

C. Decreased deep tendon reflexes:
Decreased deep tendon reflexes are not typically associated with the electrolyte imbalances presented in the scenario. Hyperkalemia can lead to hyperreflexia or absent reflexes, but it is not specific to decreased deep tendon reflexes.

D. Tingling of extremities:
This is the correct answer. Hypocalcemia, indicated by the low calcium level in the scenario, can manifest with symptoms such as tingling or numbness of the extremities, muscle cramps, and tetany. Calcium plays a crucial role in nerve transmission, and low levels can lead to sensory disturbances like tingling in the extremities.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Headache:
Clients with obstructive sleep apnea often experience morning headaches due to the intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia that occur during episodes of apnea. These headaches are typically described as dull and diffuse and may improve throughout the day.

B) Nausea:
While gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea can occur in some individuals with sleep apnea, it is not a typical or specific finding associated with this condition. Nausea may result from other causes, such as medication side effects or underlying gastrointestinal issues, rather than directly from obstructive sleep apnea.

C) Hypotension:
Obstructive sleep apnea is more commonly associated with hypertension rather than hypotension. The recurrent episodes of hypoxemia and sympathetic nervous system activation during apneic episodes can lead to systemic hypertension over time.

D) Constipation:
Constipation is not a typical finding associated with obstructive sleep apnea. While sleep apnea may contribute to fatigue and alterations in gastrointestinal motility in some individuals, constipation is not a direct consequence of this sleep disorder.

A. An older adult who is confused and has urinary frequency B. An older adult with hearing impairment C. A client who has a dressing on his foot due to a pressure ulcer D. A client who has osteoarthritis and uses a walker

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) An older adult who is confused and has urinary frequency:
This client is at the greatest risk for a fall due to several factors. Confusion increases the likelihood of disorientation and impaired judgment, leading to accidents. Urinary frequency may necessitate frequent trips to the bathroom, increasing the chances of falls, especially if the client is disoriented or unsteady on their feet.

B) An older adult with hearing impairment:
While hearing impairment can contribute to a fall risk by limiting the client's ability to hear warnings or instructions, it may not pose as immediate a risk as confusion and urinary frequency, which directly affect mobility and judgment.

C) A client who has a dressing on his foot due to a pressure ulcer:
While having a dressing on the foot due to a pressure ulcer increases the risk of falls by potentially affecting the client's gait and balance, it may not be as significant a risk factor as confusion and urinary frequency, which directly impact the client's ability to safely navigate their environment.

D) A client who has osteoarthritis and uses a walker:
Although osteoarthritis and the use of a walker can contribute to mobility issues and an increased risk of falls, they may not present as immediate a risk as confusion and urinary frequency, which can lead to more unpredictable and hazardous situations.

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Which assessment finding will the nurse expect for a patient with the following laboratory values: sodium 145 mEq/L, potassium 45 mq, calcium 45 mg/dL?

Nursing Test Bank

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