Which breakfast menu is most appropriate for a patient with diabetes?

Oatmeal with artificial sweetener, whole-grain toast, tea

Two eggs two strips of bacon, orange juice, coffee

One slice whole-grain toast with peanut butter, skim milk, orange juice

One half grapefruit, cranberry juice, bagel with sugar-free jelly

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Oatmeal is a good source of fiber, which can help manage blood sugar levels. Whole-grain toast provides complex carbohydrates and fiber, and using an artificial sweetener in oatmeal reduces sugar intake. Tea is a good beverage choice as it does not contain sugar or calories if not sweetened.
B. This option is less appropriate for a patient with diabetes. While eggs are a good source of protein, bacon is high in saturated fat and sodium, which is not ideal for cardiovascular health. Orange juice contains a high amount of natural sugar and can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels. Coffee is fine if consumed without sugar or high-fat creamers.
C. Whole-grain toast with peanut butter provides fiber, protein, and healthy fats, which are beneficial. Skim milk is a good source of calcium and protein. However, the inclusion of orange juice is problematic due to its high sugar content, which can spike blood sugar levels.

D. While grapefruit is a low-sugar fruit, cranberry juice often contains added sugars and can increase blood glucose levels. A bagel, even with sugar-free jelly, is high in refined carbohydrates, which can cause a rapid rise in blood sugar.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. Restlessness can be an early sign of hypoxia. Chest wall movement provides information about the effort and effectiveness of breathing, and the color of the nails can indicate cyanosis, which is a sign of poor oxygenation. These data points are directly related to assessing respiratory status and the severity of pneumonia.

A. Hiccups, sweating, and blood pressure can provide useful information about the patient's condition, they do not directly indicate the severity of respiratory distress or oxygenation status. Hiccups can be a sign of diaphragmatic irritation, sweating can indicate fever or infection, and blood pressure is a general vital sign but not specific to respiratory function.
B. Capillary refill can provide information about peripheral perfusion, and the amount of sputum can be relevant to respiratory status, particularly in an infection like pneumonia. Trembling might indicate fever or anxiety but is less directly related to respiratory status compared to other signs.
C. Pupil size and sneezing are not directly related to respiratory function in pneumonia. Pain location could be relevant if it indicates pleuritic pain, but this set of data does not provide the most critical information for assessing respiratory function and oxygenation in a patient with pneumonia.

A. Difficulty with breathing B. Inability to clear the airway C. Confusion from fever D. Inadequate oxygen level

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. The inability to clear the airway is a critical issue. This patient has a weak, congested-sounding cough and moist crackles, indicating that secretions are present and not being effectively cleared. This can lead to airway obstruction, decreased oxygenation, and further respiratory complications. Clearing the airway is a top priority to ensure the patient can breathe properly and prevent further deterioration.
A. Difficulty breathing (dyspnea) is a serious concern as it can indicate respiratory distress or failure. However, it is often a symptom rather than a primary issue, and its underlying causes (such as an inability to clear the airway or inadequate oxygen levels) must be addressed first.
C. Confusion can result from high fever, infection, or hypoxia. While it is important to address the fever and its underlying cause, confusion itself is usually a secondary issue. Addressing the primary respiratory issues will often improve the patient's mental status as well.
D. Hypoxia can result from severe pneumonia, and resolving it involves ensuring the patient has a clear airway and adequate ventilation. Measuring and correcting oxygen levels (e.g., with supplemental oxygen) is crucial, but the underlying cause (such as airway obstruction) must also be managed.

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Which breakfast menu is most appropriate for a patient with diabetes?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 33-year-old patient has pneumonia. When the nurse assesses this patient, which of the following data will receive the highest priority?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient is admitted to a respiratory unit with a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. Findings include a fever and a weak, congested-sounding cough with moist crackles throughout the lung fields. How should the nurse prioritize care?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Which patient does the LPN/LVN identify at high risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia?

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The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) about the disease. What information should the nurse include?

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