Which client would the nurse identify as high risk for developing aspiration pneumonia?

A patient with migraines

A patient with leukemia

A patient with asthma

A patient who had a stroke

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

D. Patients who have had a stroke are at high risk for aspiration pneumonia due to potential impairment of their swallowing mechanisms and decreased gag reflex, which can occur if the stroke affects the parts of the brain that control these functions. Dysphagia is a common complication of strokes and significantly increases the risk of aspiration.

A. Migraines can cause significant discomfort and sometimes nausea and vomiting, they do not typically impair swallowing or protective airway reflexes. Thus, this patient is not at high risk for aspiration pneumonia.
B. Leukemia itself does not directly increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. However, if the patient has complications such as severe weakness, altered mental status, or treatment side effects (like mucositis or infections), their risk could be increased, but it is not the primary concern in most leukemia cases.
C. Asthma affects the airways and causes difficulty breathing but does not typically impair swallowing or increase the risk of aspiration. While severe asthma attacks can cause coughing and choking, the primary issue is airway inflammation, not the risk of inhaling food or liquid.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Severe upper abdominal pain is a hallmark symptom of gastrointestinal perforation. Perforation can lead to the leakage of gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity, causing intense, sharp pain in the upper abdomen. The pain may be sudden and severe and can radiate to the back or shoulders.
A. Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with gastrointestinal perforation. Instead, tachycardia (rapid heart rate) is more commonly observed due to the body's response to shock or inflammation caused by perforation.

C. Hyperactive bowel sounds are more commonly associated with conditions such as gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction. In the case of gastrointestinal perforation, bowel sounds may initially be normal but can eventually become absent due to peritoneal irritation and subsequent paralytic ileus.
D. Epigastric fullness may be present in peptic ulcer disease but is not a specific manifestation of gastrointestinal perforation. Perforation is more likely to present with severe, acute pain rather than a sensation of fullness.

A. Cardiovascular exercise B. Beta-blocking medications C. Exposure to secondhand smoke D. Carpet and drapes in the bedroom E. Pets and foods that cause symptoms

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

B. Beta-blocking medications, such as propranolol and metoprolol, can worsen asthma symptoms in some individuals by constricting the airways. Patients with asthma should avoid or use caution with beta-blockers, especially non-selective ones, as they can trigger or exacerbate asthma attacks.
C. Exposure to secondhand smoke is a well-established trigger for asthma symptoms and can exacerbate respiratory inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Patients with asthma should avoid exposure to secondhand smoke whenever possible to reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations.
D. Carpeting and drapes can harbor dust mites, pet dander, and other allergens that can trigger asthma symptoms in susceptible individuals. Patients with asthma may benefit from removing carpeting and minimizing soft furnishings in the bedroom to reduce exposure to allergens and improve air quality.
E. Pets, particularly those with fur or feathers, can be potent allergens for individuals with asthma. Patients with asthma should consider removing pets from the home or at least keeping them out of the bedroom to minimize exposure to pet dander.
A. Cardiovascular exercise can trigger asthma symptoms in some individuals but it is not typically recommended to eliminate exercise altogether. Instead, patients with asthma should be encouraged to engage in physical activities that are well-tolerated and to use appropriate preventive measures, such as pre-exercise bronchodilator therapy and warm-up exercises, to minimize symptoms.

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Which client would the nurse identify as high risk for developing aspiration pneumonia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of gastrointestinal perforation?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Management of asthma involves avoidance of triggers. Which environmental triggers will the nurse suggest the patient eliminate? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is assisting with nutrition teaching for a patient who voices concern over adjusting to a diabetic diet. Which response by the nurse about medical nutrition therapy is correct?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about minimizing the effects of reflux during sleep. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching a client who has peptic ulcer disease and is starting therapy with sucralfate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

A patient is admitted to the hospital with hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. The patient has a BG value of 987 mg/dL. Which is the priority focus while providing care?

A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal disease (GERD). Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the list of foods the client should avoid?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about dietary recommendations for a client who has a hiatal hernia. Which of the following client statements indicate understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

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