Which change occurs first, making patients susceptible to coronary artery disease?

Formation of thrombus in the coronary artery.

Formation of fibrous plaque in the endothelium.

Reduction of blood flow through the coronary arteries.

Development of fatty streaks in the smooth muscles of the endothelium.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

Thrombus formation is a later stage event in coronary artery disease (CAD) and occurs after the development of fatty streaks. Thrombus formation usually happens due to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, leading to platelet aggregation and clot formation.

Choice B rationale:

Formation of fibrous plaque in the endothelium is a progression that occurs after the initial development of fatty streaks. Fibrous plaques are formed as a response to the inflammation caused by fatty deposits. They are more stable than fatty streaks but can still lead to narrowing of the arteries.

Choice C rationale:

Reduction of blood flow through the coronary arteries is a consequence of atherosclerosis, which occurs after the initial development of fatty streaks. As the fatty deposits accumulate, they narrow the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow. However, this is not the initial change that makes patients susceptible to CAD.

Choice D rationale:

Development of fatty streaks in the smooth muscles of the endothelium is the initial change that occurs in the development of atherosclerosis, making patients susceptible to coronary artery disease. Fatty streaks are composed of lipid-laden macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Over time, these fatty streaks can progress into fibrous plaques and eventually lead to complications such as thrombus formation and reduced blood flow.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is B. Hypertonic saltwater.

Choice A rationale: Hypotonic saltwater would not cause significant fluid shifts into the alveoli. Instead, it would cause cells to swell due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells.

Choice B rationale: Hypertonic saltwater causes fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli due to the higher concentration of solutes in the water compared to the body's cells. This can impair alveolar ventilation and result in hypoxia.

Choice C rationale: Hypotonic freshwater would cause cells to swell and potentially burst due to the lower concentration of solutes outside the cells, but it would not specifically cause fluid to be drawn into the alveoli.

Choice D rationale: Hypertonic freshwater is not a common classification for drowning water. Freshwater is typically hypotonic compared to body fluids, and it would not cause the same fluid shift as hypertonic saltwater.

A. Anemia. B. Aneurysm. C. Proteinuria. D. Pneumonia. E. Transient ischemic attack.

Correct Answer is ["C","B"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Anemia is not a direct manifestation of target organ damage from hypertension.

Choice B rationale:

Aneurysm is a correct answer. Persistent high blood pressure can weaken the walls of arteries, making them more susceptible to forming an aneurysm. Aneurysms can occur in various arteries, such as the aorta, and can lead to life-threatening complications if they rupture.

Choice C rationale:

Proteinuria is also a correct answer. Hypertension can damage the kidneys, leading to proteinuria, the presence of excess proteins in the urine. This is an indication of kidney damage and is a common manifestation of hypertensive target organ disease.

Choice D rationale:

Pneumonia and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) are not direct manifestations of target organ damage from hypertension.

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Which change occurs first, making patients susceptible to coronary artery disease?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

In which type of water would a submersion injury cause the patient's fluid to be drawn from the vascular space into the alveoli, impairing alveolar ventilation and resulting in hypoxia?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which manifestation is related to target organ disease from hypertension? Select all that apply.One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Correct Answer is ["C","B"]

Explanation

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