Which component forms an adhesive bridge between platelets and vascular subendothelial structures in the clotting process?

Serotonin.

Platelet factor III.

Von Willebrand factor.

Adenosine diphosphate.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood regulation, sleep, and other functions in the body. It is not a component that forms an adhesive bridge between platelets and vascular subendothelial structures in the clotting process.

Choice B rationale:

Platelet factor III is not a component that forms an adhesive bridge between platelets and vascular subendothelial structures in the clotting process. Platelet factor III is not widely recognized in the context of clotting; it is more commonly referred to as tissue factor and is involved in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.

Choice C rationale:

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a protein that plays a crucial role in hemostasis. It forms an adhesive bridge between platelets and vascular subendothelial structures, particularly at sites of vascular injury. VWF helps platelets adhere to the injured vessel wall, leading to the formation of a stable blood clot. This process is essential for preventing excessive bleeding. A deficiency or dysfunction in VWF can lead to von Willebrand disease, a bleeding disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding times.

Choice D rationale:

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a molecule released by platelets when they are activated. ADP helps in the aggregation of platelets, but it does not directly form an adhesive bridge between platelets and vascular subendothelial structures.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Fullness from ascites is a symptom associated with conditions like liver cirrhosis, not directly related to chronic heart failure. Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, causing a feeling of fullness and abdominal discomfort.

Choice B rationale:

Hypoproteinemia, a condition characterized by low levels of proteins in the blood, can lead to fluid retention and edema. However, it is not a direct cause of frequent urination. Frequent urination in this context is more likely related to increased fluid volume in the body, which can be caused by increased renal perfusion in the supine position due to fluid redistribution from the lower extremities to the kidneys.

Choice C rationale:

Hypoperfusion to the brain can lead to neurological symptoms, but it does not directly cause frequent urination. Frequent urination is often related to the kidneys' ability to filter excess fluid and excrete it as urine.

Choice D rationale:

Increased renal perfusion in the supine position can cause frequent urination, especially at night. When a person with chronic heart failure lies down, fluid that has accumulated in the lower extremities (edema) during the day is redistributed to the kidneys due to the change in body position. This increased renal perfusion results in an increased production of urine, leading to nocturia (frequent urination at night) and disrupting the patient's ability to sleep well. This symptom is characteristic of heart failure-related fluid overload and is an important clinical sign indicating worsening heart failure.

A. Metabolic acidosis. B. Metabolic alkalosis. C. Respiratory acidosis. D. Respiratory alkalosis.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by low blood pH and low bicarbonate ion levels. In this case, the patient has a high bicarbonate ion level (25 mEq/L), indicating a compensatory response to respiratory acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis, on the other hand, would present with high pH and high bicarbonate ion levels.

Choice B rationale:

Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high blood pH and high bicarbonate ion levels. The patient's bicarbonate ion level (25 mEq/L) is within the normal range, and the low pH and high PaCO2 (49 mm Hg) indicate respiratory acidosis, not metabolic alkalosis.

Choice C rationale:

Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low blood pH and high partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels. In this case, the patient has a low pH (7.29) and elevated PaCO2 (49 mm Hg), indicating respiratory acidosis. The elevated bicarbonate ion level (25 mEq/L) is a compensatory response. Respiratory alkalosis would present with high pH and low PaCO2 levels.

Choice D rationale:

Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by high blood pH and low PaCO2 levels. The patient's PaCO2 level is elevated (49 mm Hg), indicating respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis. The low pH (7.29) further supports the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis.

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Which component forms an adhesive bridge between platelets and vascular subendothelial structures in the clotting process?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse suspects that which condition associated with chronic heart failure is the cause of a patient's inability to sleep well due to frequent urination?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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