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Which condition can lead to decreased urine output (oliguria)?

A.

Diabetes mellitus

B.

Hypertension

C.

Dehydration

D.

Increased fluid intake

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus primarily causes excessive urine output (polyuria) due to osmotic diuresis from high blood glucose levels. It does not typically lead to decreased urine output unless there is severe dehydration or kidney involvement.

B. Hypertension: Chronic hypertension can damage the kidneys over time, potentially reducing urine output, but in the early stages, it does not usually cause oliguria. Acute blood pressure changes may indirectly affect kidney perfusion.

C. Dehydration: Dehydration reduces the body’s fluid volume, leading to decreased kidney perfusion and a subsequent reduction in urine output. Oliguria is a common compensatory response to conserve water and maintain fluid balance.

D. Increased fluid intake: Increased fluid intake typically results in increased urine output (polyuria), not decreased output. The kidneys respond to excess fluids by excreting more urine to maintain homeostasis.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Touch: Touch is a general sense detected by mechanoreceptors distributed throughout the body. It provides information about pressure, vibration, and texture, and does not require specialized organs.

B. Smell: Smell is a special sense mediated by olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity, requiring a specialized organ for detection.

C. Hearing: Hearing is a special sense detected by the cochlea in the inner ear, which is specialized for auditory perception.

D. Vision: Vision is a special sense mediated by photoreceptors in the retina of the eyes, requiring a highly specialized organ.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Isovolumetric contraction: This phase occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole, where the ventricles contract with no change in volume because all valves are closed, and it does not involve filling.

B. Diastole: Diastole is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles relax and fill with blood from the atria. It ensures adequate ventricular volume before the next contraction, allowing efficient circulation.

C. Systole: Systole refers to ventricular contraction, during which blood is ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery, not filling.

D. Ejection phase: The ejection phase is part of systole when the ventricles pump blood into the arteries. Ventricular filling occurs prior to this phase during diastole.

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