Which disorder is characterized by a group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Addison disease

Hashimoto disease

Cushing syndrome

Graves disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Addison disease results from adrenal insufficiency, causing deficient cortisol and aldosterone production. This leads to symptoms like hypotension, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia, opposite to the cortisol excess seen in Cushing syndrome, which involves weight gain, hypertension, and hyperglycemia due to elevated adrenal cortex activity.

Choice B reason: Hashimoto disease is an autoimmune thyroiditis causing hypothyroidism, with low thyroid hormone levels leading to fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. It does not involve adrenal cortex cortisol excess, unlike Cushing syndrome, which is characterized by hypercortisolism and distinct metabolic and physical symptoms.

Choice C reason: Cushing syndrome is defined by excess free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex, due to pituitary tumors, adrenal hyperplasia, or exogenous steroids. This causes weight gain, moon face, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, reflecting cortisol’s effects on metabolism, fat distribution, and fluid balance, making it the correct disorder.

Choice D reason: Graves disease is an autoimmune condition causing hyperthyroidism, with excess thyroid hormone leading to weight loss, tachycardia, and heat intolerance. It does not involve adrenal cortex cortisol production, unlike Cushing syndrome, which is specifically related to hypercortisolism and its systemic metabolic effects.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: A blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg is not an absolute contraindication for thrombolytic therapy. While hypertension must be controlled (below 185/110 mm Hg) before thrombolytics, it is manageable with medication, unlike hemorrhagic stroke, which poses an immediate and absolute risk of worsening bleeding.

Choice B reason: Previous thrombolytic therapy within 12 months is not an absolute contraindication. Guidelines restrict thrombolytics within a shorter timeframe (e.g., recent major surgery), but prior therapy alone does not preclude use. Hemorrhagic stroke is a definitive contraindication due to the risk of catastrophic bleeding.

Choice C reason: Evidence of hemorrhagic stroke is an absolute contraindication for thrombolytic therapy, as thrombolytics like tPA dissolve clots, increasing bleeding in an already hemorrhagic brain. This risks worsening intracranial hemorrhage, leading to neurological deterioration or death, making it a critical exclusion criterion.

Choice D reason: Evidence of stroke evolution, such as progressing symptoms, is not an absolute contraindication. It may influence timing or eligibility, but thrombolytics can still be used within the time window if ischemic. Hemorrhagic stroke is a definitive barrier due to bleeding risk.

A. Excessive thirst B. Low urine output C. Weight gain D. Excessive activities

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Excessive thirst, or polydipsia, is a hallmark of diabetes insipidus. ADH deficiency leads to excessive water loss through dilute urine, causing dehydration. This triggers the thirst mechanism to compensate for fluid loss, prompting increased water intake to maintain hydration, a key clinical feature of this condition.

Choice B reason: Low urine output, or oliguria, is not associated with diabetes insipidus. This condition causes polyuria due to impaired water reabsorption from ADH deficiency, leading to large volumes of dilute urine. Low urine output is more typical of conditions like acute kidney injury or SIADH.

Choice C reason: Weight gain is not a feature of diabetes insipidus. The condition leads to water loss and dehydration, often causing weight loss due to reduced fluid volume. Weight gain might occur in conditions like SIADH, where water retention dilutes sodium and increases body fluid content.

Choice D reason: Excessive activities are not a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus. This condition primarily affects fluid balance, causing polyuria and polydipsia. Increased activity levels are not linked to ADH deficiency, and patients may experience fatigue due to dehydration, not heightened physical activity.

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Which disorder is characterized by a group of symptoms produced by an excess of free circulating cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is brought by ambulance to the ED after experiencing what the family thinks is a stroke. The nurse caring for this client is aware that which is an absolute contraindication for thrombolytic therapy?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which is a clinical manifestation of diabetes insipidus?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform to determine the development of peptic ulcers when caring for a client with Cushing's syndrome?

A client reports feeling tired, cold, and short of breath at times. Assessment reveals tachycardia and reduced energy. What would the nurse expect the health care provider to order?

Which outcome indicates that treatment of a client with diabetes insipidus has been effective?

An adult client has been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. Which is most likely based on this client’s health status?

While monitoring a client for the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the nurse should take note of which assessment parameters?

A client with sickle cell anemia has a:

A client is suspected to have a pituitary tumor due to signs of diabetes insipidus. What initial test does the nurse help to prepare the client for?

The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia in male clients and postmenopausal female clients is: