Which flap made of cartilage prevents food and water from entering the respiratory passages?

A. Causes a deficiency of intrinsic factor and pernicious anemia: Intrinsic factor is produced in the stomach, not the liver. Its deficiency leads to pernicious anemia.

B. Causes lactose intolerance: Lactose intolerance is due to lactase deficiency in the small intestine.

C. Causes gastric reflux: Gastroesophageal reflux is typically due to lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction.

D. Causes blood drug levels to reach toxic levels: The liver metabolizes drugs. Impaired hepatic function reduces drug clearance, leading to accumulation and potential toxicity.

A. Renal failure: While renal failure can affect urine output, glucose in the urine (glucosuria) and polyuria with polydipsia are not the hallmark symptoms.

B. Bladder cancer: This may cause hematuria, but it doesn’t typically cause glucosuria, increased thirst, or urination.

C. Diabetes mellitus: In diabetes mellitus, high blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, leading to glucose spilling into the urine, causing polyuria (due to osmotic diuresis) and polydipsia.

D. Kidney cancer: Kidney cancer may cause flank pain, hematuria, or mass, not classic symptoms of diabetes or glucosuria.