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Which of the following is MOST likely to cause polyuria (excessive passing of urine)?

A.

Decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

B.

Over secretion of aldosterone

C.

Decrease amounts of ADH

D.

Activation of angiotensinogen

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate): A low GFR would reduce urine output, not increase it.

B. Over secretion of aldosterone: Aldosterone promotes sodium and water reabsorption, which decreases urine output.

C. Decrease amounts of ADH: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps retain water. A deficiency leads to diuresis, causing polyuria (as seen in diabetes insipidus).

D. Activation of angiotensinogen: This leads to vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, promoting water retention, not polyuria.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Large intestine, excretion: The large intestine mainly absorbs water and forms feces; it does not have villi.

B. Pancreas, release of hormones: The pancreas releases insulin and glucagon but has no villi and is not directly involved in nutrient absorption.

C. Small intestine, absorption: Villi are fingerlike projections that line the small intestine to increase surface area for absorption of nutrients.

D. Gallbladder, production of bile: The liver produces bile; the gallbladder only stores it. Villi are not involved.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The stomach wall is thrown into folds called villi and microvilli: Villi and microvilli are found in the small intestine, not the stomach. The stomach has rugae.

B. The esophagus connects the pharynx with the trachea: The esophagus connects the pharynx to the stomach; the trachea connects to the lungs.

C. The pyloric sphincter and ileocecal valve are located at the entrance and exit of the small intestine: The pyloric sphincter regulates entry from the stomach to duodenum, and the ileocecal valve controls flow from the ileum to cecum.

D. The cecum and colon are parts of the small intestine: They are parts of the large intestine, not the small intestine.

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