Which of the following is MOST likely to cause polyuria (excessive passing of urine)?
Decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
Over secretion of aldosterone
Decrease amounts of ADH
Activation of angiotensinogen
The Correct Answer is C
A. Decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate): A low GFR would reduce urine output, not increase it.
B. Over secretion of aldosterone: Aldosterone promotes sodium and water reabsorption, which decreases urine output.
C. Decrease amounts of ADH: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps retain water. A deficiency leads to diuresis, causing polyuria (as seen in diabetes insipidus).
D. Activation of angiotensinogen: This leads to vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, promoting water retention, not polyuria.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Gallbladder: The gallbladder stores bile, but it is not a major recipient of portal vein blood.
B. Duodenum: The duodenum receives chyme from the stomach, but not blood from the portal vein.
C. Liver: The portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract (including intestines and stomach) directly to the liver for metabolism and detoxification.
D. Pancreas: Although nearby, the pancreas is not the primary organ supplied by the portal vein for nutrient processing.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Renal failure: While renal failure can affect urine output, glucose in the urine (glucosuria) and polyuria with polydipsia are not the hallmark symptoms.
B. Bladder cancer: This may cause hematuria, but it doesn’t typically cause glucosuria, increased thirst, or urination.
C. Diabetes mellitus: In diabetes mellitus, high blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, leading to glucose spilling into the urine, causing polyuria (due to osmotic diuresis) and polydipsia.
D. Kidney cancer: Kidney cancer may cause flank pain, hematuria, or mass, not classic symptoms of diabetes or glucosuria.
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