Which intervention is essential for a nurse caring for a patient with chickenpox?

Choice A rationale:

The nurse should recommend applying calamine lotion to soothe and dry the chickenpox lesions. Calamine lotion has a soothing effect on the skin and can help reduce the itching associated with chickenpox. It also helps to dry out the lesions, which may aid in the healing process. However, it is essential to advise the family not to apply calamine lotion on open sores or areas with broken skin to avoid potential irritation.

Choice B rationale:

Giving aspirin to a child with chickenpox is not recommended. Aspirin has been associated with an increased risk of Reye's syndrome in children with viral infections, including chickenpox. Reye's syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that affects the brain and liver.

Choice C rationale:

Antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, are often prescribed for severe cases of chickenpox or for individuals at high risk of complications. These drugs can help shorten the duration of the illness and reduce the severity of symptoms. They are not to be avoided to prevent side effects, as the benefits generally outweigh the potential risks.

Choice D rationale:

Allowing the child to play outside may not be the best approach to distract them from itching. It is crucial to prevent the child from scratching the rash to avoid secondary bacterial infections and scarring. Engaging the child in indoor activities and providing distractions that do not involve scratching would be a safer approach.

Choice A rationale:

Varivax is not administered as a single dose during adulthood. The vaccine is given as two doses, usually separated by 4 to 8 weeks, to ensure adequate protection.

Choice B rationale:

Varivax can reduce the risk of developing shingles, especially in individuals who had chickenpox and received the vaccine. While it may not completely prevent shingles, it can lessen its severity.

Choice C rationale:

This is the correct response. Varivax is a live attenuated vaccine, which means it contains weakened forms of the varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox. It stimulates the immune system to produce a protective response without causing the disease.

Choice D rationale:

Varivax is not recommended only for healthcare workers. It is recommended for certain groups, including children, adolescents, and adults who have not had chickenpox or received the vaccine. Healthcare workers might be among the targeted groups due to their increased risk of exposure, but it is not limited to them.