Which is most descriptive of the pathophysiology of leukemia?
Thrombocytopenia (excessive destruction of platelets) occurs.
Unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cells (WBCs) occurs.
Increased blood viscosity occurs.
First stage of coagulation process is abnormally stimulated.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Thrombocytopenia is incorrect as the primary pathophysiology of leukemia. While thrombocytopenia can occur in leukemia due to bone marrow crowding and decreased platelet production, it is a secondary consequence, not the main mechanism.
B. Unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cells (WBCs) is correct because leukemia is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature leukocytes (blasts) in the bone marrow. These immature cells accumulate and crowd out normal hematopoietic cells, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia, which cause the clinical manifestations of infection, bleeding, and fatigue.
C. Increased blood viscosity is incorrect because this is more characteristic of polycythemia vera, not leukemia. Leukemia generally does not increase blood viscosity unless there is an extremely high white blood cell count in leukostasis.
D. First stage of coagulation process is abnormally stimulated is incorrect because coagulation abnormalities may develop in some forms of leukemia (e.g., acute promyelocytic leukemia with DIC), but this is not the fundamental pathophysiology of leukemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Smaller airway diameter and immature respiratory muscles is correct because infants and young children have narrower airways, making them more prone to obstruction from edema, mucus, or inflammation. Additionally, their respiratory muscles, including the intercostals, are underdeveloped, so they rely heavily on diaphragmatic breathing. These factors increase the risk of respiratory distress during illness or airway compromise.
B. More developed diaphragm and increased lung compliance is incorrect because infants have a less developed diaphragm and less compliant chest wall, not more. This makes breathing less efficient and increases susceptibility to fatigue and distress.
C. Larger airway diameter and more developed lung volume is incorrect because infants have smaller airway diameter and smaller lung volumes compared to adults, which contributes to rapid desaturation during respiratory compromise.
D. Larger alveolar surface area and stronger respiratory muscles is incorrect because infants have fewer alveoli and weaker respiratory muscles, which limits gas exchange and makes them more vulnerable to hypoxia.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
Pathologic jaundice (Select 1): The most critical factor here is that the jaundice appeared within the first 24 hours of life. Physiologic jaundice typically appears after 24 hours, peaks between days 3–5, and usually does not reach levels as high as 13 mg/dL so rapidly. A level of 13 mg/dL at only 12 hours old is significantly elevated and indicates a rapid rise, which is characteristic of pathologic conditions like Rh/ABO incompatibility or sepsis.
Phototherapy (Select 2): This is the first-line medical intervention for significant hyperbilirubinemia. It uses light energy to change unconjugated bilirubin into a water-soluble form (lumirubin) that can be excreted in the bile and urine without needing to be processed by the liver.
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