Which is most descriptive of the pathophysiology of leukemia?
Thrombocytopenia (excessive destruction of platelets) occurs.
Unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cells (WBCs) occurs.
Increased blood viscosity occurs.
First stage of coagulation process is abnormally stimulated.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Thrombocytopenia is incorrect as the primary pathophysiology of leukemia. While thrombocytopenia can occur in leukemia due to bone marrow crowding and decreased platelet production, it is a secondary consequence, not the main mechanism.
B. Unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cells (WBCs) is correct because leukemia is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature leukocytes (blasts) in the bone marrow. These immature cells accumulate and crowd out normal hematopoietic cells, leading to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia, which cause the clinical manifestations of infection, bleeding, and fatigue.
C. Increased blood viscosity is incorrect because this is more characteristic of polycythemia vera, not leukemia. Leukemia generally does not increase blood viscosity unless there is an extremely high white blood cell count in leukostasis.
D. First stage of coagulation process is abnormally stimulated is incorrect because coagulation abnormalities may develop in some forms of leukemia (e.g., acute promyelocytic leukemia with DIC), but this is not the fundamental pathophysiology of leukemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. CF causes thickened mucus that obstructs the pancreas, preventing the release of digestive enzymes is correct because cystic fibrosis leads to thick, sticky secretions that block pancreatic ducts. This prevents digestive enzymes from reaching the small intestine, resulting in malabsorption of fats, proteins, and fat-soluble vitamins, which causes poor weight gain and steatorrhea (fatty stools).
B. Children with CF have an overproduction of digestive enzymes, leading to malabsorption is incorrect because the problem in CF is insufficient delivery of enzymes to the intestine, not overproduction.
C. Digestive enzymes are needed to break down fat, which children with CF can digest more efficiently than carbohydrates is incorrect because children with CF have difficulty digesting fats due to lack of pancreatic enzymes. They do not digest fat more efficiently; instead, fat malabsorption is a hallmark of the disease.
D. Pancreatic enzyme replacement is only required when children develop diabetes, a common complication of CF is incorrect because PERT is required due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, not diabetes. Diabetes in CF results from endocrine pancreatic dysfunction and is unrelated to the need for digestive enzymes.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "Small amounts of alcohol are safe during the second trimester." is incorrect because no amount of alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy. Even small amounts can affect fetal development and increase the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).
B. "Alcohol is only harmful in the first trimester." is incorrect because alcohol exposure can be harmful at any stage of pregnancy, not just the first trimester. While organogenesis occurs early, alcohol can still affect fetal growth, brain development, and neurobehavioral outcomes throughout pregnancy.
C. "Alcohol should be avoided completely during pregnancy." is correct. The safest recommendation is complete abstinence from alcohol. This approach eliminates the risk of alcohol-related complications and supports optimal fetal development. Health authorities, including the CDC and ACOG, advise that no level of alcohol is safe during pregnancy.
D. "Beer is safer than hard liquor while pregnant." is incorrect because all types of alcoholic beverages pose a risk to the developing fetus, regardless of alcohol content or type. There is no safe form of alcohol during pregnancy.
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