Which is Not a cause for hypervolemia?

Choice A reason: Polydipsia refers to excessive thirst, polyuria refers to frequent urination, polyphagia refers to increased hunger, weight loss often occurs despite an increased appetite, and fatigue is a common symptom due to the body's inability to properly use glucose for energy. These symptoms are classic early signs of type 1 diabetes and occur because the body cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Choice B reason: While weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion can be symptoms associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (a serious complication of diabetes), they are not typically the earliest signs of type 1 diabetes. These symptoms may develop later if diabetes is not managed properly.

Choice C reason: Recurrent infections, visual changes, and paresthesia can occur in individuals with diabetes, but they are more common in long-standing diabetes and are not the earliest signs. These symptoms result from chronic high blood sugar levels affecting various body systems.

Choice D reason: Vomiting, abdominal pain, sweet, fruity breath, dehydration, and Kussmaul breathing are symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a severe and life-threatening complication of diabetes. While these symptoms can occur in individuals with type 1 diabetes, they are not the initial signs but rather indicators of an advanced and poorly controlled condition.

Choice A reason: Running, while excellent for cardiovascular fitness and overall muscle strength, does not specifically target the pelvic floor muscles. These muscles require specific exercises to strengthen them effectively.

Choice B reason: Kegel exercises are specifically designed to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. These exercises involve repeatedly contracting and relaxing the muscles that form part of the pelvic floor, which supports the bladder, bowel, and uterus. Regular practice of Kegel exercises can improve bladder control and overall pelvic health.

Choice C reason: Holding urine for extended periods of time is not a recommended way to strengthen pelvic muscles. In fact, this practice can lead to urinary tract infections and bladder problems. It is important to empty the bladder regularly to maintain urinary health.

Choice D reason: Weight-bearing exercises are beneficial for bone health and overall muscle strength but do not specifically target the pelvic floor muscles. Specific exercises, like Kegels, are needed to strengthen the pelvic floor effectively.