Which is the primary goal for a newborn with a cleft of the soft palate?

A.Anemia can be a common finding in nephrotic syndrome, often due to the loss of proteins like transferrin that are involved in red blood cell production, along with potential blood loss during episodes of proteinuria. The reduction in red blood cell production or anemia in nephrotic syndrome can also be exacerbated by decreased erythropoietin production.

B.Hypolipidemia is not a characteristic of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, nephrotic syndrome is associated with hyperlipidemia.

C.Hyperlipidemia is a classic feature of nephrotic syndrome. It results from an increase in the synthesis of lipoproteins by the liver as a compensatory mechanism to the loss of proteins (particularly albumin) in the urine.

D.Hypoproteinemia, specifically hypoalbuminemia, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The loss of protein (especially albumin) through the urine due to damaged glomeruli leads to decreased levels of proteins in the blood. This contributes to the characteristic edema seen in nephrotic syndrome.

E.Hypoglycemiais not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. Instead, children with nephrotic syndrome generally do not experience significant changes in glucose metabolism. In fact, if anything, glucose levels may be slightly elevated in some cases due to stress or steroid treatment.

A. Appropriate dose of aspirin and rest: Aspirin is an antiplatelet medication that can worsen bleeding in individuals with hemophilia. It should be avoided. Rest alone is not sufficient in this situation.

B. Immobilization of the leg and a dose of ibuprofen: Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can increase the risk of bleeding. Immobilizing the leg may help prevent further injury, but it does not address the underlying bleeding issue or provide the necessary clotting factor.

C. Heating pad and administration of factor VIII concentrate: While the administration of factor VIII concentrate is appropriate, the use of a heating pad is not advisable, as it can potentially worsen bleeding by dilating blood vessels in the area.

D. Pressure on the site and administration of the required clotting factor.

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn't clot properly. When a hemophilic child has a significant bruise or bleeding, it is crucial to administer the specific clotting factor that they are deficient in (Factor VIII or IX) to stop the bleeding. Applying pressure to the site can also help control bleeding.

In summary, option D is the priority because it directly addresses the bleeding issue in the child with hemophilia by applying pressure to the site and administering the necessary clotting factor. This is crucial in preventing further bleeding and complications.