Which medication works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine, and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Metformin.
Glipizide.
Empagliflozin.
Insulin detemir.
The Correct Answer is C
Empagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that reduces renal glucose reabsorption, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion and improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Metformin primarily improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
b. This choice is incorrect. Glipizide stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
d. This choice is incorrect. Insulin detemir is a long-acting basal insulin used in insulin therapy.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Prolonged hyperglycemia in diabetes can lead to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to tissue damage, inflammation, and complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Hypoglycemic episodes are associated with low blood sugar, not prolonged hyperglycemia.
b. This choice is incorrect. Increased cellular glucose uptake and energy production would not be consequences of prolonged hyperglycemia; rather, hyperglycemia impairs cellular glucose uptake.
d. This choice is incorrect. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to insulin resistance, not enhanced insulin sensitivity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
MODY is a rare form of diabetes caused by genetic mutations affecting beta cell function. It is not primarily related to insulin deficiency or resistance.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Type 1 diabetes mellitus involves autoimmune destruction of beta cells and insulin deficiency.
b. This choice is incorrect. Type 2 diabetes mellitus involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
d. This choice is incorrect. Gestational diabetes mellitus occurs during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and is not primarily caused by genetic mutations.
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