Which medication works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leading to increased glucose excretion in the urine, and is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Metformin.
Glipizide.
Empagliflozin.
Insulin detemir.
The Correct Answer is C
Empagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that reduces renal glucose reabsorption, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion and improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Metformin primarily improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
b. This choice is incorrect. Glipizide stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
d. This choice is incorrect. Insulin detemir is a long-acting basal insulin used in insulin therapy.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Metformin is a commonly used oral antidiabetic medication that improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, reduces hepatic glucose production, and enhances glucose uptake by cells.
Incorrect choices:
b. This choice is incorrect. Glipizide is a sulfonylurea medication that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas, rather than increasing insulin sensitivity.
c. This choice is incorrect. Insulin lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analog used for mealtime coverage in insulin therapy.
d. This choice is incorrect. Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that stimulates insulin secretion and suppresses glucagon release, but it does not primarily target insulin sensitivity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Insulin plays a key role in glucose metabolism by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, reducing blood sugar levels. It also promotes glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle cells.
Incorrect choices:
a. This choice is incorrect. Insulin promotes glucose uptake into cells, leading to decreased blood sugar levels.
b. This choice is incorrect. Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis, which stores glucose and reduces blood sugar levels.
d. This choice is incorrect. Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis, contributing to the storage of glucose and lowering blood sugar levels.
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