Which of the following antibiotics is known for its potential to cause nephrotoxicity?

Levofloxacin

Oprofloxacin

Ceftriaxone

Gentamicin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Levofloxacin: This fluoroquinolone antibiotic is primarily associated with side effects such as tendon rupture, QT prolongation, and central nervous system disturbances. Nephrotoxicity is not a common adverse effect of levofloxacin.

B. Ofloxacin: Also a fluoroquinolone, ofloxacin has similar side effects to levofloxacin, including gastrointestinal upset and neurologic symptoms. It is not linked to significant nephrotoxicity compared to aminoglycosides.

C. Ceftriaxone: This cephalosporin antibiotic is generally well tolerated and not strongly associated with nephrotoxicity. It may cause biliary sludging or gastrointestinal issues but rarely causes renal injury.

D. Gentamicin: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, is well known for its risk of nephrotoxicity due to accumulation in renal tubules. It can cause acute tubular necrosis, particularly with prolonged use or high doses, making it the most nephrotoxic option listed.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I will tie a restraint to the portion of the bed that moves when the head of the bed is moved.": This is the safest method because it prevents excess tightening or loosening of the restraint as the bed is adjusted. Using quick-release knots ensures the restraint can be removed quickly in an emergency.

B. "I will tie the restraints in double knots.": Double knots are unsafe because they are difficult to untie quickly if the client requires emergency release. Quick-release knots are the standard to promote both safety and rapid removal.

C. "I will put four side rails up if a client is confused.": Raising all four side rails is considered a form of restraint and poses risks for injury, such as entrapment or falls when attempting to climb out. It should not be used for confused clients.

D. "I will ensure that restraints fit tightly against the client.": Restraints should never be tight; there should be enough space to insert two fingers between the restraint and the client’s skin. Tight restraints can impair circulation, cause skin breakdown, and increase injury risk.

A. Soft and symmetrical abdomen B. Prominent venous patterns with dilated veins C. Тympanic upon percussion of the abdomen D. Positive rebound tenderness E. Centrally located and inverted umbilicus F. Hyperactive bowel sounds in all quadrants

Correct Answer is ["B","D","F"]

Explanation

A. Soft and symmetrical abdomen: A soft, non-tender, and symmetrical abdomen is a normal finding and generally indicates no acute abdominal pathology.

B. Prominent venous patterns with dilated veins: Visible, dilated abdominal veins can indicate portal hypertension, liver disease, or obstruction of venous return. This finding warrants further evaluation to determine the underlying cause.

C. Tympanic upon percussion of the abdomen: Tympany is a normal percussion sound over most of the abdomen due to the presence of gas in the intestines. This is an expected finding during assessment.

D. Positive rebound tenderness: Rebound tenderness suggests peritoneal irritation, which may indicate appendicitis, peritonitis, or other acute abdominal conditions. Immediate investigation is necessary.

E. Centrally located and inverted umbilicus: A midline, inverted umbilicus is a normal anatomical finding and does not require further evaluation unless accompanied by other abnormalities such as hernia or discharge.

F. Hyperactive bowel sounds in all quadrants: Hyperactive bowel sounds may indicate early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, or diarrhea. This abnormal finding should be assessed further to identify the cause.

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Which of the following antibiotics is known for its potential to cause nephrotoxicity?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing teaching to an assistive personnel (AP) about caring for clients with restraints. Which of the following statements by the AP indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

During an abdominal assessment, which of the following findings would be considered abnormal and warrant further investigation? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","D","F"]

Explanation

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