Which of the following are clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Insomnia
Electrolyte imbalance
Weight loss
Normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
While insomnia can be a symptom of many conditions, it is not typically a clinical manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Choice B rationale
Electrolyte imbalance is a common clinical manifestation of CKD. This is because the kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance in the body, and this function can be impaired in CKD910111213.
Choice C rationale
Weight loss can occur in CKD, but it is not one of the most common clinical manifestations3.
Choice D rationale
A normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not a clinical manifestation of CKD. In fact, a decreased GFR is one of the key indicators of CKD.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Weight gain is not a typical clinical manifestation of gastric cancer. In fact, weight loss is one of the most common symptoms at initial diagnosis.
Choice B rationale
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can be a symptom of gastric cancer, particularly if the cancer is located near the esophagus.
Choice C rationale
Fatigue can be a symptom of gastric cancer, often due to anemia from chronic blood loss in the stool or malnutrition from decreased appetite and weight loss.
Choice D rationale
Vomiting can be a symptom of gastric cancer, especially if the cancer causes a blockage in the stomach or duodenum.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Stress incontinence is not caused by a detrusor muscle problem. The detrusor muscle is the muscle in the wall of the bladder, and problems with this muscle are more commonly associated with urge incontinence.
Choice B rationale
Stress incontinence is indeed caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem. Weakness in these muscles can lead to urine leakage when pressure is placed on the bladder, such as when coughing, sneezing, or lifting heavy objects.
Choice C rationale
Stress incontinence does not only occur during sleep. It can occur at any time when pressure is placed on the bladder.
Choice D rationale
While stress incontinence is more common in women, it does not occur in women only. Men can also experience stress incontinence, although it is less common.
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