Which of the following are considered the four cultural and influential determinants of health?
Family, ethnicity, community, environment
Family, community, environment, genetic predisposition
Community, environment, ethnicity, socioeconomic status
Community, ethnicity, environment, physical safety
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: While family and ethnicity are important cultural influences, this option omits socioeconomic status, which is a major determinant of health. It also lacks the broader systemic factors that shape health outcomes.
Choice B reason: Genetic predisposition is a biological determinant, not a cultural or influential one. This option mixes categories and does not accurately reflect the social determinants emphasized in public health frameworks.
Choice C reason: Community, environment, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are widely recognized as key cultural and influential determinants of health. These factors shape access to care, exposure to risks, and overall well-being through social, economic, and environmental pathways.
Choice D reason: Physical safety is a component of environmental health but is not typically listed as a standalone determinant in major frameworks. This option omits socioeconomic status, which is essential for understanding disparities in health.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: CDT (Carbohydrate-Deficient Transferrin) is a biomarker used to detect chronic alcohol consumption. It is not relevant to opioid withdrawal or buprenorphine induction.
Choice B reason: PHQ-9 is a depression screening tool. While useful in behavioral health settings, it does not assess opioid withdrawal symptoms and is not used for buprenorphine induction.
Choice C reason: CIWA-AR (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, Revised) is used to assess alcohol withdrawal severity. It is not appropriate for evaluating opioid withdrawal.
Choice D reason: COWS (Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale) is the standard tool used to assess the severity of opioid withdrawal. It helps determine the appropriate timing for buprenorphine induction to avoid precipitated withdrawal. It is widely used in substance use treatment protocols.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: When a patient makes a credible threat of serious harm to an identifiable individual, the PMHNP has a duty to warn and protect. This includes notifying law enforcement to prevent potential violence. This action is supported by legal precedents such as the Tarasoff ruling and aligns with ethical obligations to protect third parties.
Choice B reason: While warning the potential victim may seem appropriate, it is not the most secure or legally sound method. Law enforcement is better equipped to assess and manage threats, and direct contact with the victim may pose risks or violate procedural safeguards.
Choice C reason: Indirectly warning the victim through a third party is unreliable and may delay intervention. It also risks breaching confidentiality without ensuring the threat is properly addressed.
Choice D reason: Doing nothing in the face of a credible threat violates both ethical and legal responsibilities. Confidentiality has limits, especially when public safety is at risk.
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