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Which of the following best describes the concept of immunity?

A.

The body's ability to tolerate foreign substances without a response.

B.

The body's ability to produce antibodies against specific pathogens.

C.

The body's ability to prevent infections from occurring.

D.

The body's ability to fight off any type of infection.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Explanation: The body's ability to produce antibodies against specific pathogens. Immunity refers to the body's ability to recognize and respond to specific pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, by producing antibodies that target and neutralize these invaders.

Incorrect choices:

a. The body's ability to tolerate foreign substances without a response is not immunity but rather the concept of immunological tolerance, which prevents the immune system from attacking the body's own cells and tissues.

c. Immunity does not guarantee the prevention of infections, but it provides protection and reduces the severity of infections upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen.

d. While the immune system is designed to fight off infections, it is not capable of fighting off all types of infections equally. The immune response is specific to the type of pathogen encountered.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Explanation: At 2 months of age, infants are recommended to receive the DTaP vaccine, which protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella and is usually administered at a later age. The hepatitis B vaccine is given shortly after birth, and the varicella vaccine is typically administered at 12 months of age.

Incorrect choices:

a. The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, not whooping cough (pertussis).

b. The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given shortly after birth, not at 2 months of age.

d. The varicella vaccine is usually administered at 12 months of age, not at 2 months.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Explanation: B cells recognize antigens by producing specific receptors on their cell surface, known as antibodies or immunoglobulins. When a B cell encounters an antigen that matches its specific antibody, it binds to the antigen, marking it for destruction or neutralization by other immune cells.

Incorrect choices:

a. Engulfing and processing pathogens is the role of antigen-presenting cells like macrophages and dendritic cells. These cells present processed antigens to other immune cells, including B cells, to trigger an immune response.

b. Cytokines are small proteins that serve as signaling molecules in the immune system. They are produced by various immune cells to regulate immune responses, but they are not directly involved in antigen recognition by B cells.

d. Directly attacking and killing infected cells is the role of cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity, not B cells during the humoral immune response.

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