Which of the following components of the immune system is responsible for recognizing and destroying infected or abnormal cells in the body?
B cells
T cells
Macrophages
Neutrophils
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: T cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a crucial role in cell-mediated immunity. They are responsible for recognizing and directly attacking infected or abnormal cells in the body. There are two main types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells, which directly kill infected cells, and helper T cells, which assist in coordinating the immune response.
Incorrect choices:
a. B cells are responsible for the production of antibodies and are involved in the humoral immune response, which targets pathogens outside of cells. They do not directly recognize and destroy infected cells.
c. Macrophages are antigen-presenting cells that engulf and process pathogens to present their antigens to other immune cells. While they are involved in immune recognition, they do not primarily recognize and destroy infected cells.
d. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the innate immune response. They primarily target and destroy bacteria and other foreign invaders in the body, but they do not have the specific recognition capabilities of T cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Healthcare workers are recommended to receive the hepatitis B vaccine to protect against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or body fluids.
Incorrect choices:
a. The influenza vaccine is recommended annually for healthcare workers to protect against seasonal flu, not hepatitis B.
b. The tetanus toxoid vaccine protects against tetanus, not hepatitis B.
d. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine protects against pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, not hepatitis B.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Explanation: B cells are specialized in producing antibodies against specific antigens. When B cells encounter a pathogen or foreign substance with a matching antigen, they become activated and differentiate into plasma cells. Plasma cells then secrete large amounts of antibodies, which can recognize and neutralize the pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. B cells do not directly attack and kill infected cells. That role is primarily performed by cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity.
c. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are responsible for regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and maintain immune homeostasis.
d. B cells recognize antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells like macrophages, but their primary function is to produce antibodies, not to recognize antigens directly.
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