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Which of the following immune disorders is characterized by the immune system attacking and damaging its own body tissues?

A.

Allergic rhinitis

B.

Rheumatoid arthritis

C.

Celiac disease

D.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Explanation: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium (lining of the membranes that surround the joints), causing inflammation, pain, and joint damage.

Incorrect choices:

a. Allergic rhinitis is an allergic response to airborne allergens, such as pollen or pet dander, not an autoimmune disorder.

c. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and it primarily affects the small intestine.

d. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Explanation: Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) are the effector cells of cell-mediated immunity. Their primary role is to directly recognize and kill infected or abnormal cells, such as virus-infected cells or cancer cells. Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzymes, which induce apoptosis (cell death) in the target cells.

Incorrect choices:

a. Helper T cells, not cytotoxic T cells, recognize antigens presented by macrophages and play a crucial role in activating other immune cells.

b. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies against pathogens during the humoral immune response, not cytotoxic T cells.

d. Regulatory T cells (suppressor T cells) are involved in regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage, not cytotoxic T cells.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Explanation: Vaccinations are made from either weakened or killed pathogens or parts of pathogens, which cannot cause the disease they are meant to protect against. However, they stimulate the body's immune system to produce a protective response, providing immunity against the specific disease.

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