Which of the following is an essential step in antigen recognition during the immune response?
Activation of regulatory T cells
Production of histamines by mast cells
Binding of antigens to specific receptors on immune cells
Release of antibodies by neutrophils
The Correct Answer is C
Explanation: Antigen recognition during the immune response occurs when antigens bind to specific receptors on immune cells, such as B cell receptors, T cell receptors, or antibodies. This binding is a critical step that triggers the activation of the immune response against the invading pathogen or foreign substance.
Incorrect choices:
a. Activation of regulatory T cells is important for controlling and regulating the immune response but is not directly related to the antigen recognition process.
b. Production of histamines by mast cells is involved in the inflammatory response, but it is not a direct step in the antigen recognition process.
d. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the innate immune response. They do not release antibodies, as that function is primarily carried out by B cells and plasma cells.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Explanation: B cells are specialized in producing antibodies against specific antigens. When B cells encounter a pathogen or foreign substance with a matching antigen, they become activated and differentiate into plasma cells. Plasma cells then secrete large amounts of antibodies, which can recognize and neutralize the pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. B cells do not directly attack and kill infected cells. That role is primarily performed by cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity.
c. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are responsible for regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and maintain immune homeostasis.
d. B cells recognize antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells like macrophages, but their primary function is to produce antibodies, not to recognize antigens directly.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibers in the central nervous system, leading to communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.
Incorrect choices:
a. Rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the joints, not the central nervous system.
b. Sjögren's syndrome primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, not the central nervous system.
d. Crohn's disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, not the central nervous system.
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