Which of the following is a barrier to effective pain management?
Client's history of substance use disorder
Clear communication between the nurse and client
Use of a standardized pain scale
Client's willingness to communicate pain levels
The Correct Answer is A
A. A history of substance use disorder can be a barrier to effective pain management because clients may underreport pain, fear addiction, or experience stigma, and clinicians may underprescribe analgesics due to concern about misuse. Recognizing this barrier is important to provide balanced, safe, and effective pain control.
B. Clear communication facilitates accurate pain assessment and is not a barrier; it supports effective pain management.
C. Using a standardized pain scale helps quantify pain and track response to interventions, improving management rather than hindering it.
D. A client’s willingness to communicate pain levels is essential for effective assessment and is not a barrier; it enhances the nurse’s ability to provide appropriate interventions.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Long-term use of high-dose glucocorticoids can lead to osteoporosis, increasing the risk of compression fractures in the spine (back and neck). Monitoring bone health and implementing preventive measures such as calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercise, and bone density scans is important.
B. Clients should increase, not limit, calcium-rich foods to help prevent bone loss associated with prolonged glucocorticoid therapy.
C. Glucocorticoids can cause hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. Blood glucose should be monitored regularly, not just annually.
D. Glucocorticoids are immunosuppressive, not immunostimulatory; long-term use increases susceptibility to infections.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Clients should never double or increase their dose after missing one, as doing so can result in dangerously low blood pressure, dizziness, or fainting. The correct action is to take the next dose at the regular scheduled time.
B. Losartan can be taken with or without food, and a high-fat meal does not enhance absorption or therapeutic effect. Advising this could mislead the client about proper medication administration.
C. Swelling of the face, lips, throat, or tongue (angioedema) is a rare but serious adverse reaction associated with Losartan and other angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). It can cause airway obstruction and requires immediate medical evaluation. Educating the client about this sign is crucial for early recognition and prompt intervention.
D. Abruptly stopping Losartan can lead to rebound hypertension, which increases the risk of heart attack or stroke. Clients should be instructed to contact their healthcare provider before making any medication changes.
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