Which of the following is a characteristic manifestation of Addison's disease?
Hypertension.
Weight gain.
Excessive thirst.
Hyperpigmentation of the skin.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Hypertension is not a characteristic manifestation of Addison's disease; rather, hypotension, particularly orthostatic hypotension, is commonly observed. This is due to the deficiency of mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone, which leads to impaired sodium and water reabsorption in the renal tubules, resulting in decreased intravascular volume and blood pressure.
Choice B rationale
Weight gain is atypical in Addison's disease; instead, clients often experience weight loss. This is primarily due to the combined effects of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which are common gastrointestinal symptoms stemming from glucocorticoid deficiency and metabolic disturbances.
Choice C rationale
Excessive thirst, or polydipsia, is not a primary characteristic of Addison's disease. While severe dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea could induce thirst, the fundamental pathophysiology of Addison's disease, involving hypocortisolism and hypoaldosteronism, does not directly lead to excessive thirst as a predominant symptom.
Choice D rationale
Hyperpigmentation of the skin, particularly in areas exposed to sun and pressure points, is a classic manifestation of Addison's disease. This occurs due to increased production of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in response to low cortisol, leading to elevated levels of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) fragments that stimulate melanin synthesis in melanocytes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Allowing a client at risk for suicide to nap with the door closed poses a significant safety concern. This practice eliminates direct visual observation, which is paramount in suicide prevention. The closed door creates an opportunity for the client to engage in self-harm behaviors unobserved, increasing the risk of a successful suicide attempt by removing immediate intervention capabilities.
Choice B rationale
While distraction can be therapeutic, allowing a client on suicide precautions to engage in crafts in their room unobserved introduces potential risks. Craft materials, if not carefully monitored and selected, could be used as instruments for self-harm. Maintaining constant, direct observation, even during seemingly benign activities, is crucial to prevent access to means for suicide.
Choice C rationale
Providing headphones for relaxing music, while potentially calming, can compromise auditory monitoring of a client on suicide precautions. The headphones can obscure sounds that might indicate distress, agitation, or self-harm attempts. Direct sensory observation, including listening for abnormal sounds, is a critical component of ensuring continuous safety and prompt intervention.
Choice D rationale
Rounding and visualizing the client every 15 minutes is a fundamental suicide precaution intervention. This frequent, direct observation allows for continuous assessment of the client's behavior, mood, and immediate environment. It minimizes opportunities for self-harm by providing consistent monitoring and enables timely intervention if any concerning signs or actions are detected, ensuring client safety.
Correct Answer is ["79.4"]
Explanation
Step 1 is to convert kilograms to pounds using the conversion factor 1 kg = 2.20462 pounds. 36 kg × 2.20462 pounds/kg = 79.36632 pounds.
Step 2 is to round to the tenth place. The child's weight is 79.4 pounds.
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