Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome?

Refractory hypoxemia

Pink frothy sputum

Hypoglycemia

Hypercapnia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Refractory hypoxemia:
This is the hallmark of ARDS. It means hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood) that does not improve despite increasing oxygen therapy. It results from severe ventilation-perfusion mismatch and alveolar damage.

B. Pink frothy sputum:
This is more characteristic of pulmonary edema due to left-sided heart failure, not specifically ARDS.

C. Hypoglycemia:
Hypoglycemia is not a typical symptom of ARDS. It might occur due to other metabolic issues or sepsis, but it is not diagnostic.

D. Hypercapnia:
While CO₂ retention can occur in late stages, ARDS is primarily marked by oxygenation failure, not ventilatory failure initially.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Distributive shock occurs due to loss of myocardial contractility.":
This describes cardiogenic shock, not distributive shock.

B. "Distributive shock occurs due to increased systemic vascular resistance.":
Distributive shock features decreased vascular resistance due to vasodilation.

C. "Distributive shock occurs due to systemic vasodilation.":
Distributive shock (e.g., septic, neurogenic, anaphylactic) involves widespread vasodilation, leading to maldistribution of blood flow and hypotension.

D. "Distributive shock occurs due to loss of blood volume.":
That describes hypovolemic shock, not distributive shock.

A. Antidepressants B. Anticoagulants C. Bronchodilators D. Antibiotics E. Diuretics F. Antidiabetic medications G. Antiemetics H. Corticosteroids

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E","H"]

Explanation

A. Antidepressants:
Not indicated in the acute management of ARDS.

B. Anticoagulants:
ARDS patients are often immobile and at risk for thromboembolism, so anticoagulants may be used prophylactically.

C. Bronchodilators:
Help relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow, especially in cases where airway resistance contributes to hypoxemia.

D. Antibiotics:
Used when infection is the underlying cause of ARDS (e.g., sepsis, pneumonia).

E. Diuretics:
Can reduce pulmonary edema, although cautiously, since aggressive diuresis may decrease perfusion.

F. Antidiabetic medications:
May be used for glucose control, but not directly indicated for ARDS treatment.

G. Antiemetics:
Not routinely used in ARDS and do not affect respiratory status.

H. Corticosteroids:
Used selectively to reduce inflammation, particularly in late-phase ARDS or COVID-19-associated ARDS.

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Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse and a newly licensed nurse are providing care for a client who has distributive shock. How should the nurse explain the pathophysiology of distributive shock to the newly licensed nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E","H"]

Explanation

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