Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention to promote thermoregulation in an infant patient?
Provide the infant with appropriate clothing and blankets to maintain warmth.
Offer the infant a cool beverage to drink frequently.
Keep the infant in a well-ventilated room with a fan.
Place the infant in direct sunlight for extended periods of time.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Provide the infant with appropriate clothing and blankets to maintain warmth: Infants have an immature thermoregulatory system, making it harder for them to maintain body temperature. Using appropriate clothing and blankets helps reduce heat loss through radiation, convection, and evaporation, supporting stable core body temperature.
B. Offer the infant a cool beverage to drink frequently: Cool beverages are not appropriate for thermoregulation in infants, especially those not yet on solid food. They primarily rely on breast milk or formula, and fluid intake alone is not effective for managing temperature in infants.
C. Keep the infant in a well-ventilated room with a fan: While ventilation may help regulate temperature in hot environments, the use of fans can increase the risk of hypothermia in infants due to rapid heat loss. Infants should be kept in environments with stable, moderate temperatures.
D. Place the infant in direct sunlight for extended periods of time: Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can lead to overheating and increases the risk of sunburn or heatstroke in infants. Controlled indoor lighting and indirect sunlight are safer alternatives for light exposure.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Controls impulsive feelings: Impulse control is still developing in preschoolers and becomes more established during the school-age years. Preschoolers often act out emotionally due to limited self-regulation, so full control over impulses is not expected.
B. Builds a collection of cards: Organizing and collecting items in a systematic way is more typical of school-age children, who develop interests in categorization and collecting based on rules and order. Preschoolers do not yet have this level of structured play.
C. Participates in imaginary play: Engaging in imaginative and pretend play is a hallmark of preschool development. It supports cognitive, social, and emotional growth and reflects their emerging creativity and understanding of the world around them.
D. Expresses need for privacy: While preschoolers may start to show modesty, a strong, consistent desire for privacy typically emerges in school-age children as they become more self-aware and socially conscious.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Preoperational: During the preoperational stage (ages 2 to 7), children develop symbolic thinking and engage in imaginative play, but object permanence has already been established before this stage begins.
B. Concrete operational: This stage (ages 7 to 11) involves logical thinking about concrete events and understanding concepts like conservation, but object permanence develops much earlier in infancy.
C. Formal operational: The formal operational stage (ages 11 and up) is marked by abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking. Object permanence is fully developed long before this stage.
D. Sensorimotor: Object permanence begins to emerge during the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years), as infants learn that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible—typically around 8 to 12 months of age.
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