A nurse is teaching a class about Piaget's stages of cognitive development. The nurse should instruct that object permanence develops during which of the following stages?
Concrete operational
Sensorimotor
Formal operational
Preoperational
The Correct Answer is B
A. Concrete operational: This stage (7 to 11 years) is characterized by logical thinking about concrete events.
B. Sensorimotor: This stage (birth to about 2 years) is when infants learn about the world through their senses and actions. Object permanence—the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched—develops in this stage.
C. Formal operational: This stage (12 years and up) involves abstract and moral reasoning.
D. Preoperational: This stage (2 to 7 years) is when children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols, but they don’t yet understand concrete logic.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Administer oxygen at 2 L/min: Administering oxygen is important but should be done after positioning the client to improve natural ventilation.
B. Raise the head of the bed: Raising the head of the bed is the first action to take as it facilitates better lung expansion and improves ventilation. This can help increase the oxygen saturation more immediately and effectively.
C. Encourage coughing and deep breathing: Encouraging coughing and deep breathing is also beneficial to help clear secretions and improve lung function, but positioning the client for optimal breathing should be prioritized first.
D. Administer prescribed analgesic medication. Administering analgesics may be necessary for pain management, but it does not directly address the immediate need to improve oxygen saturation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Sheepskin heel pad: A sheepskin heel pad provides cushioning to prevent pressure ulcers but does not prevent plantar flexion contractures as it does not keep the foot in a neutral position.
B. Abduction pillow: An abduction pillow is used to maintain hip abduction and alignment, typically after hip surgery. It does not address foot positioning or prevent plantar flexion.
C. Footboard: A footboard helps maintain the feet in dorsiflexion, preventing plantar flexion contractures. It keeps the feet at a 90-degree angle to the legs, which is essential for preventing contractures.
D. Trochanter roll: A trochanter roll is used to maintain the alignment of the hips and prevent external rotation of the legs. It does not prevent plantar flexion contractures.
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