Which of the following is not an example of a negative homeostatic mechanism in the human body?
Increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls.
Secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration to normal.
Retention of fluid leads to retention of more fluid.
Shivering when body temperature falls below normal.
The Correct Answer is C
This is because it is an example of a positive feedback loop, which amplifies the change and moves the system away from its normal state.
A negative feedback loop is a mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point and maintains homeostasis.
Choice A is wrong because increasing heart rate and force of contraction when blood pressure falls is a negative feedback loop that restores blood pressure to normal.
Choice B is wrong because secreting insulin after a meal to return blood sugar concentration toward normal is a negative feedback loop that regulates glucose levels.
Choice D is wrong because shivering when body temperature falls below normal is a negative feedback loop that increases heat production and raises body temperature.
Normal ranges for blood pressure are 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg, for blood glucose, are 70 mg/dL to 140 mg/dL, and for body temperature are 36.5°C to 37.5°C or 97.7°F to 99.5°F.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
This is because erythroblastosis fetalis, also known as hemolytic disease of the newborn, is caused by Rh incompatibility between the mother and the fetus.
Rh incompatibility occurs when a Rh-negative mother is impregnated by a Rh-positive father, resulting in a Rh-positive fetus.
The mother’s immune system can detect the Rh factor on the fetus’s red blood cells as foreign and produce antibodies against them.
These antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the fetus’s red blood cells, causing anemia, jaundice, edema, and other complications.
Choice A is wrong because a second Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman will not cause erythroblastosis fetalis.
The mother and the fetus have the same Rh factor, so there is no immune reaction.
Choice C is wrong because a first Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman will not cause erythroblastosis fetalis.
The mother’s immune system will not produce antibodies against the Rh factor until after the first exposure to it, which usually happens during delivery.
Therefore, the first pregnancy is usually unaffected.
Choice D is wrong because a first Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman will not cause erythroblastosis fetalis.
The mother and the fetus have the same Rh factor, so there is no immune reaction.
The normal range of red blood cell count for newborns is 4.1 to 6.1 million cells per microliter of blood.
The normal range of bilirubin level for newborns is 0.3 to 1.9 milligrams per deciliter of blood.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all known living organisms.
The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells and that new cells are made from preexisting cells.
Cells are organized from atoms, molecules, and macromolecules, and contain organelles that perform specialized functions.
Choice B is wrong because a molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, not a living unit.
Choice C is wrong because an atom is the smallest unit of matter, not a living unit.
Choice D is wrong because a macromolecule is a large molecule composed of smaller molecules, not a living unit.
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