Which of the following is second line of defense?
Skin
Phagocytosis
Coughing
Sneezing
The Correct Answer is B
A. Skin:
The skin is part of the first line of defense, acting as a physical barrier.
B. Phagocytosis:
Phagocytosis, carried out by white blood cells like macrophages and neutrophils, is a component of the second line of defense, which includes non-specific internal immune responses.
C. Coughing:
Coughing is part of the first line of defense-mechanical clearance.
D. Sneezing:
Like coughing, sneezing is a mechanical defense included in the first line.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Worm
Worms (helminths) are parasitic but can live independently of a host temporarily in certain environments.
B. Fungi
Fungi can survive and reproduce in non-living environments like soil or dead organic matter.
C. Arthropod
Arthropods (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks) can live freely and act as vectors but do not require a host to survive.
D. Virus
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and must infect a living host cell to reproduce and
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The virus affects the red blood cells
HIV primarily affects CD4+ T-helper white blood cells, not red blood cells.
B. The virus affects the white blood cells
HIV destroys CD4+ T-cells, weakening the immune response, leading to immunodeficiency.
C. The virus affects the platelets
Platelets are involved in clotting, not in the immune deficiency caused by HIV.
D. The virus affects the liver
Although medications for HIV may affect the liver, HIV itself targets the immune system, not liver cells directly.
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