Which of the following is second line of defense?
Skin
Phagocytosis
Coughing
Sneezing
The Correct Answer is B
A. Skin:
The skin is part of the first line of defense, acting as a physical barrier.
B. Phagocytosis:
Phagocytosis, carried out by white blood cells like macrophages and neutrophils, is a component of the second line of defense, which includes non-specific internal immune responses.
C. Coughing:
Coughing is part of the first line of defense-mechanical clearance.
D. Sneezing:
Like coughing, sneezing is a mechanical defense included in the first line.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Secretes splenic hormones that control the lymphoid system
The spleen does not secrete hormones; it filters blood, stores platelets, and helps in immune response.
B. Is avascular (no blood supply)
The spleen is highly vascular, receiving blood from the splenic artery and returning it via the splenic vein.
C. Removes worn out blood cells from circulation
One of the primary functions of the spleen is to filter blood and remove old or damaged RBCs.
D. Is in the RUQ
The spleen is located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Shingles
Shingles (herpes zoster) occurs when the varicella-zoster virus reactivates from latency in nerve ganglia, typically many years after initial infection with chickenpox.
B. Measles
Measles is caused by the rubeola virus and is not related to herpes varicella zoster.
C. Smallpox
Smallpox is caused by the variola virus, which is entirely different from the herpesvirus group.
D. Mumps
Mumps is caused by a paramyxovirus and is unrelated to varicella-zoster.
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