Which of the following is second line of defense?
Skin
Phagocytosis
Coughing
Sneezing
The Correct Answer is B
A. Skin:
The skin is part of the first line of defense, acting as a physical barrier.
B. Phagocytosis:
Phagocytosis, carried out by white blood cells like macrophages and neutrophils, is a component of the second line of defense, which includes non-specific internal immune responses.
C. Coughing:
Coughing is part of the first line of defense-mechanical clearance.
D. Sneezing:
Like coughing, sneezing is a mechanical defense included in the first line.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Spleen:
The spleen filters blood and helps initiate immune responses, but it does not mature T cells.
B. Thymus gland:
The thymus is the primary site where immature T lymphocytes mature and become functional.
C. Tonsils:
Tonsils help detect pathogens entering through the mouth or nose but are not involved in T cell maturation.
D. Pancreas:
The pancreas is involved in digestion and blood glucose regulation, not immune cell development.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Chemical barriers: tears, saliva, stomach acid
These are first-line defenses that kill or inhibit pathogens before entry.
B. Signs of inflammation: redness, heat, swelling, pain
These are the classic cardinal signs of inflammation.
C. Mechanical barriers: skin, mucous membrane
These form physical barriers to pathogen entry.
D. Nonspecific immunity: inflammation, natural killer cells, fever, T cells
T cells are part of specific (adaptive) immunity, not nonspecific immunity.
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